Exam 53: Population Ecology

A) seldom reached by marine producers and consumers because of the vast resources of the ocean.
B) the maximum population size that a particular environment can support.
C) fixed for most species over most of their range most of the time.
D) determined by density and dispersion data.
E) the term used to describe the stress a population undergoes due to limited resources.

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A) Developed countries have lower infant mortality rates and lower life expectancy than developing countries.
B) Developed countries have higher infant mortality rates and lower life expectancy than developing countries.
C) Developed countries have lower infant mortality rates and higher life expectancy than developing countries.
D) Developed countries have higher infant mortality rates and higher life expectancy than developing countries.

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A) I only
B) II only
C) I and II only
D) II and III only
E) I, II, and III

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A) the number of individuals added per unit time is greatest when N is close to zero.
B) the per capita growth rate (r) increases as N approaches K.
C) population growth is zero when N equals K.
D) the population grows exponentially when K is small.
E) the birth rate (b) approaches zero as N approaches K.

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A) 2 million.
B) 3 billion.
C) 4 billion.
D) 7 billion.
E) 10 billion.

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A) I
B) II
C) III
D) No differences in the magnitude of future unemployment would be expected among these populations.
E) It is not possible to infer anything about future social conditions from age-structure diagrams.

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A) has become so small that it will have difficulty surviving and reproducing.
B) has become so large it will have difficulty surviving and reproducing.
C) approaches carrying capacity.
D) exceeds carrying capacity.
E) is in crash decline.

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A) $\frac { \gamma N } { K }$
B) rN
C) rN (K + N)
D) rN $\frac { ( K - N ) } { K }$
E) rN $\frac { ( N - K ) } { K }$

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A) choosing how many offspring to produce over the course of a lifetime and how long to live.
B) producing large numbers of gametes when employing internal fertilization versus fewer numbers of gametes when employing external fertilization.
C) the emigration of individuals when they are no longer reproductively capable or committing suicide.
D) increasing the number of individuals produced during each reproductive episode with a corresponding decrease in parental care.
E) high survival rates of offspring and the cost of parental care.

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A) cohort
B) dispersion
C) Allee effect
D) iteroparous
E) semelparous

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A) that there is selective predation on female mice.
B) that female mice die before reproducing.
C) that this habitat is a good place for mice to reproduce.
D) that you are observing immigrant mice.
E) that the breeding season is over

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A) cohort
B) dispersion
C) Allee effect
D) iteroparous
E) semelparous

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A) 200.
B) 500.
C) 1,000.
D) 10,000.
E) 900,000.

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A) social pressure for birth control
B) earthquakes
C) plagues
D) famines
E) pollution

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A) Songbirds expend a tremendous amount of energy defending territories so that they spend less time feeding their young and fledgling mortality increases.
B) Only the fittest males defend territories and they attract the fittest females so the best genes are conveyed to the next generation.
C) Songbird males defend territories commensurate with the size from which they can derive adequate resources for themselves, their mate, and their chicks.
D) Many individuals are killed in the ritualistic conflicts that go along with territorial defense.
E) Songbirds make improvements to the territories they inhabit so that they can all enjoy larger clutches and successfully fledged chicks.

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A) many offspring per reproductive episode.
B) limitation only by density-independent limiting factors.
C) adaptation to stable environments.
D) maximum lifetime reproductive success.
E) relatively large offspring.

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