Question 1

When people fail to solve the "box-candle" and "two-string" problems presented in the text,they may be demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)   means-end heuristic.
B)   backwards-thinking heuristic.
C)   failure to conceptually combine or conceptually expand.
D)   functional fixedness.
E)   low intelligence.

Question 2

Regarding research on the Whorfian hypothesis,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Research evidence does not support the original version of the Whorfian hypothesis,but it does support a weaker version of the hypothesis.
B)   Research evidence does not support the original version of the Whorfian hypothesis,nor any subsequent versions.
C)   Research evidence supports the Whorfian hypothesis.
D)   Research has not yet been conducted on the Whorfian hypothesis.
E)   Research supports the belief that language determines how we think and perceive the world. A

Question 3

Celia is a juror at a trial.Based on her reading of newspapers,Celia has already decided that the defendant is guilty.She sticks to her decision even when the defense attorney presents strong contradicting evidence.Celia is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)   functional fixedness.
B)   mental set.
C)   confirmation bias.
D)   availability heuristic.
E)   representativeness heuristic.

Question 4

Dr.Fabiano wishes to assess the reliability of an intelligence test he recently developed.Fabiano chooses the test-retest method of assessing reliability.What will Dr.Fabiano have to do?

Accepted Answer

A)   Compare subjects' scores on the tests to their performance in academic arenas.
B)   Give one version of the test to a group of subjects and then re-administer a parallel version of the test to the same subjects.
C)   Make certain that he follows uniform procedures in administering the test to different subjects.
D)   Give the test once to a group of subjects and then re-administer the test to a different group of subjects after a short time interval.
E)   Give the test to a group of subjects and then re-administer it to the same subjects after a short time interval. E

Question 5

Which type of imagery is easiest to form?

Accepted Answer

A)   auditory
B)   tactile
C)   olfactory
D)   gustatory
E)   visual

Question 6

The process of establishing norms for a test by giving it to large numbers of people is called

Accepted Answer

A)   reliability.
B)   validity.
C)   standardization.
D)   normalization.
E)   predictability.

Question 7

According to the text,which of the following definitions best describes intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)   the ability to hold and manipulate information in mind
B)   the ability to perform well on achievement tests in school
C)   the ability to think clearly in challenging situations
D)   the ability to conceive of new ways of viewing situations and new uses for familiar objects
E)   the capacity to think and reason clearly and to act purposefully and effectively in adapting to the environment

Question 8

Stella uses a problem-solving technique in which she proposes as many solutions to a problem as possible,no matter how far-fetched or weird the ideas seem.Which technique is Stella using?

Accepted Answer

A)   conceptual expansion
B)   mainstreaming
C)   convergent thinking
D)   functional fixedness
E)   brainstorming E

Question 9

The belief that language affects how we think was first developed by ______,and this idea is presented in the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Chomsky; linguistic relativity hypothesis
B)   Whorf; linguistic relativity hypothesis
C)   Chomsky; language acquisition hypothesis
D)   Sternberg; triarchic linguistic hypothesis
E)   Whorf; language acquisition hypothesis

Question 10

Arnold tries to find the single correct solution to his problem.Which mental process is Arnold using?

Accepted Answer

A)   divergent thinking
B)   mental set
C)   conceptual combinations
D)   convergent thinking
E)   metaphor

Question 11

Taking an overview of the theories of intelligence,all but which of the following are fair conclusions?

Accepted Answer

A)   We should broaden our thoughts about what intelligence is and how it should be measured.
B)   Human intelligence consists of multiple aspects.
C)   It is important to take cultural context into consideration when assessing human intelligence.
D)   Gardner and Sternberg's theories can be characterized as "theory rich,but data poor."
E)   Since there is strong evidence for the existence of separate types of intelligence,we should replace existing intelligence tests with tests that measure these types of intelligence.

Question 12

Jessica's advisor recommends that Jessica take courses in at least one foreign language because,he says,there are some thoughts that simply cannot occur to people who speak only one language.Her advisor's opinion is probably based on _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   Chomsky's language acquisition device concept
B)   Premack's artificial language research
C)   the linguistic relativity hypothesis
D)   Pinker's research on grammar and communications
E)   recent research with gorillas and chimpanzees

Question 13

A woman who sticks to her belief that her husband is not abusive and discounts evidence of his abusive behavior may be demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)   functional fixedness.
B)   mental set.
C)   representativeness heuristic.
D)   availability heuristic.
E)   confirmation bias.

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding language development is most strongly supported by the evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)   Although genes are important in many aspects of behavior,scientists do not believe they play 	a role in language.
B)   Many areas of the brain appear to be responsible for producing language.
C)   Chomsky showed that the language acquisition device depends on formal training in the rules of grammar.
D)   Evidence shows that language is a function of cultural processes,not underlying biological mechanisms.
E)   Scientists recently discovered a language center in the brain that is largely responsible for the use of language.

Question 15

Your best friend takes an IQ tests and tells you that s/he scored "average." Generalizing from the normal distribution of IQ scores,you know that your friend's score

Accepted Answer

A)   was below 100.
B)   was above 100.
C)   was 100.
D)   fell somewhere between 85 and 115.
E)   fell somewhere between 115 and 130.

Question 16

Marvin is a 25-year-old man with mental retardation.He has very simple communication and manual skills,but has great difficulty in reading and math.Based on this description,Marvin's IQ score most likely falls between

Accepted Answer

A)   0 and 20.
B)   20 and 34.
C)   35 and 49.
D)   50 and 70.
E)   71 and 90.

Question 17

Engineer Phinegan Tatarchuk likes to use analogy during the creative process of developing new products.When Tatarchuk does this,he is

Accepted Answer

A)   representing objects on the basis of metaphors.
B)   comparing two things based on similarities.
C)   comparing two things based on differences.
D)   combining two or more concepts into one.
E)   expanding familiar concepts into new ones.

Question 18

The rules governing the meaning of words are called

Accepted Answer

A)   grammar.
B)   syntax.
C)   morphemes.
D)   semantics.
E)   linguistics.

Question 19

Which of the following examples represents the most remarkable demonstration of teaching animals to communicate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Kanzi's mother,a chimp who learned to communicate through the pushing of geometric shapes on a keyboard
B)   Washoe the chimp who learned to combine signs into simple phrases
C)   Sarah the chimp who learned to communicate through placement of plastic chips
D)   A chimp named Nim Chimpsky learned to "sign" via operant conditioning
E)   Kanzi the chimp who learned to communicate through observation and imitation of his mother

Question 20

Among a large group of adopted children,the IQ scores of the children are predicted to be

Accepted Answer

A)   more similar to those of their biological parents than their adoptive parents.
B)   more similar to those of their adoptive parents than their biological parents.
C)   as similar to those of their adoptive parents as to their biological parents.
D)   unrelated to those of their adoptive parents.
E)   unrelated to those of their biological parents.

Exam 7: Thinking, language, and Intelligence

When people fail to solve the "box-candle" and "two-string" problems presented in the text,they may be demonstrating

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regarding research on the Whorfian hypothesis,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Celia is a juror at a trial.Based on her reading of newspapers,Celia has already decided that the defendant is guilty.She sticks to her decision even when the defense attorney presents strong contradicting evidence.Celia is demonstrating

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Fabiano wishes to assess the reliability of an intelligence test he recently developed.Fabiano chooses the test-retest method of assessing reliability.What will Dr.Fabiano have to do?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Which type of imagery is easiest to form?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of establishing norms for a test by giving it to large numbers of people is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text,which of the following definitions best describes intelligence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stella uses a problem-solving technique in which she proposes as many solutions to a problem as possible,no matter how far-fetched or weird the ideas seem.Which technique is Stella using?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

The belief that language affects how we think was first developed by ______,and this idea is presented in the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Arnold tries to find the single correct solution to his problem.Which mental process is Arnold using?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Taking an overview of the theories of intelligence,all but which of the following are fair conclusions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jessica's advisor recommends that Jessica take courses in at least one foreign language because,he says,there are some thoughts that simply cannot occur to people who speak only one language.Her advisor's opinion is probably based on _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A woman who sticks to her belief that her husband is not abusive and discounts evidence of his abusive behavior may be demonstrating

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding language development is most strongly supported by the evidence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your best friend takes an IQ tests and tells you that s/he scored "average." Generalizing from the normal distribution of IQ scores,you know that your friend's score

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marvin is a 25-year-old man with mental retardation.He has very simple communication and manual skills,but has great difficulty in reading and math.Based on this description,Marvin's IQ score most likely falls between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Engineer Phinegan Tatarchuk likes to use analogy during the creative process of developing new products.When Tatarchuk does this,he is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The rules governing the meaning of words are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following examples represents the most remarkable demonstration of teaching animals to communicate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Among a large group of adopted children,the IQ scores of the children are predicted to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The belief that language affects how we think was first developed by ,and this idea is presented in the .

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