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Three-year-old Ben is pretending to build a birdhouse with some pieces of wood lying in the yard.Suddenly,Ben says,"I need a hammer to fix this," even when there is no hammer present.According to Piaget,Ben has entered the


A) sensorimotor stage.
B) concrete operations stage.
C) formal operations stage.
D) preoperational stage.

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Repeated urination in clothing or in bed is called


A) encopresis.
B) enuresis.
C) nightmares.
D) night terrors.

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Piaget thought that young children's speech was mostly


A) egocentric.
B) social.
C) unintelligible.
D) ungrammatical.

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When young children start to make grammatical errors that they did not make previously,they are often


A) regressing.
B) discovering grammatical rules but failing to note exceptions.
C) having trouble expressing more sophisticated thoughts.
D) showing the effects of exposure to adults who speak ungrammatically.

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During early childhood,physical development involves


A) more rapid growth and muscular development than during any other phase of the life span.
B) more rapid growth,but slower muscular development than during the first three years.
C) slower growth,but more rapid muscular development than during the first three years.
D) slower growth and slower muscular development than during the first three years.

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Seth used to go to sleep in a dark room,but now,at age 3,he cries unless his parents leave a night-light on.This behavior may be


A) a way of putting off sleep.
B) a risk factor for sleepwalking.
C) a precursor to bouts of nightmares.
D) a sign of neurological damage.

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Which type of preschool is most likely to be found in China?


A) Society-centered
B) Child-centered
C) Role-centered
D) Academically centered

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Cognitive effects from ______ may be long lasting.


A) obesity
B) eating dessert
C) malnutrition
D) enlarged fatty cells

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The Garrol family is concerned because their 3-year-old son is still not talking.Which of the following is a possible reason for the delayed language development of about 3% of preschool children?


A) Problems in fast mapping
B) Otitis media
C) Cognitive limitations
D) All of these

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Anne's father is going to a Halloween party.He comes into her room dressed in a gorilla suit and says,"Hi,sweetheart!" Anne says,"Oh,Daddy,it's you!" Anne's behavior reflects her understanding of


A) identities.
B) centration.
C) symbolic play.
D) imagery.

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Recognition memory is


A) better developed than recall memory in early childhood.
B) the ability to reproduce knowledge from memory.
C) more efficient in early childhood than in middle childhood,when recall memory takes over.
D) fully developed by the age of 2.

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Currently,which of the following causes the most deaths in childhood?


A) Cancer
B) Measles
C) Accidents
D) AIDS

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What is true regarding children and food allergies?


A) About 50% of children show severe food allergies.
B) Children typically outgrow many food allergies.
C) The best way to prevent allergies is to feed the child large quantities of the food.
D) All of the above are true regarding allergies.

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When children repeat an action that they saw someone else perform at an earlier time,they are demonstrating


A) deferred imitation.
B) symbolic play.
C) evidence of the sensorimotor stage.
D) recognition memory.

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Marsha watches her mother bathe the new baby.The next morning she gets her doll and a pail of water and bathes her "baby." Marsha is showing


A) deferred imitation.
B) maternal instinct.
C) centration.
D) conservation.

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Shelly is 4 years old.With regard to sleep patterns,she can be expected to


A) sleep lightly at night.
B) fall asleep more quickly than she did when she was younger.
C) need fewer bedtime rituals and routines.
D) fight going to sleep and find excuses to get up.

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Mr.Rogers is a kindergarten teacher.He observes that some of the children in his class use private speech more than others.Of the following,Mr.Rogers is MOST likely to say that the children who engage in private speech


A) have less self-regulation than the other children.
B) are more sociable than the other children.
C) do not talk to themselves when working out problems.
D) tend to think privately.

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Piaget maintained that private speech is


A) a sign of abnormal development.
B) a form of communication.
C) an egocentric form of speech.
D) practice for social speech.

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Five-year-old Mike has had an exciting evening opening birthday presents.He has just gone to bed 2 hours later than normal and has recently eaten a lot of cake and ice cream.Which of the following problems is Mike at risk for during the night?


A) Night terrors
B) Nightmares
C) Sleepwalking
D) Sleeptalking

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Vygotsky saw private speech as


A) reflecting unwillingness to communicate.
B) egocentric.
C) resulting from lack of social experience.
D) a way that children converse with themselves.

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