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How long does a typical hemodialysis treatment last?


A) 7 to 8 hours
B) 3 to 4 hours
C) 1 to 2 hours
D) 10 to 12 hours

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You are dispatched to a private residence for a sick person.You arrive and find a 47-year-old male patient who recently completed his peritoneal dialysis and complains of severe abdominal pain that is worsened by movement.One of the more serious complications of this type of dialysis is a bacterial infection within the peritoneal cavity.What would be the tell-tale sign that this is what is happening in this case?


A) The patient's dialysis fluid appears cloudy when it is drained from the peritoneal cavity rather than its normal clear appearance.
B) The patient's dialysis fluid appears clear when it is drained from the peritoneal cavity rather than its normal cloudy appearance.
C) The patient has trouble urinating.
D) The patient has swollen ankles.

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A patient with renal disease who is currently on dialysis and missed an appointment may present with dangerously high levels of the electrolyte:


A) phosphorous.
B) potassium.
C) sodium.
D) calcium.

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The sensation felt when palpating an arterial-venous fistula or shunt is known as a:


A) bruit.
B) frill.
C) thrill.
D) fluttering.

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Because of abnormally shaped hemoglobin,sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients may occasionally experience ________,causing a blockage of small blood vessels.


A) sludging
B) aggregation
C) clotting
D) clumping

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The correct terminology used for patients whose kidneys are damaged to the point where they require dialysis to survive is:


A) acute renal failure.
B) end-stage renal disease.
C) hepatic failure.
D) terminal kidney disease.

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How many times a week do the majority of American hemodialysis patients receive treatment?


A) Five
B) Three
C) Seven
D) One

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The most frequently transplanted organ is the:


A) liver.
B) heart.
C) kidney.
D) pancreas.

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You are dispatched to a private residence for a sick person.When you arrive you are told by the patient that due to the snow storm yesterday he missed his scheduled appointment at the dialysis center and is not feeling well.Your assessment does not reveal anything remarkable outside of the fact that he has missed his dialysis.Which of the steps below would NOT be part of your care?


A) Assess the ABCs.
B) When you obtain vital signs, obtain a blood pressure on an arm that does not have a fistula.
C) Place the patient in a supine position.
D) Administer oxygen at 15 lpm by nonrebreather mask.

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Which of the following pathologies make patients at high risk for acute renal failure?


A) Polycystic kidney disease
B) Shock
C) Uncontrolled diabetes
D) Hypertension

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Why might you consider contacting medical direction before applying a tourniquet in the case of uncontrollable bleeding from an AV fistula?


A) Damage to the fistula may occur.
B) The patient may be in danger of losing the limb.
C) Medical direction should be contacted before any use of tourniquets by the EMT.
D) Hemodialysis anticoagulants may make bleeding more severe.

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What is a cycle of filling and draining of the abdominal cavity during peritoneal dialysis called?


A) Exchange
B) Set
C) Rotation
D) Trade

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Patients with a history of chronic sickle cell anemia (SCA) may present with which of the following signs and symptoms?


A) Bluish discoloration of the skin and shortness of breath
B) Yellowing of the skin and dyspnea on exertion
C) Flushed appearance and shortness of breath
D) Pale appearance and dyspnea on exertion

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You are dispatched to a private residence for a 52-year-old African American male sitting in his living room complaining of chest pain.During your assessment,he discloses that he has the sickle cell trait.Because of this you should:


A) administer high-concentration oxygen.
B) monitor for signs of inadequate respiration.
C) be prepared to treat for shock if he also has a high fever.
D) treat the patient as any other 52-year-old with chest pain.

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Patients who dialyze at home are at high risk for what type of infection?


A) Peritonitis
B) Decubitus ulcers
C) Cellulitis
D) Fistula infection

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How frequently does the majority of peritoneal dialysis require treatment?


A) Three to five times a week
B) Once a day
C) Multiple treatments a day
D) Once a week

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Certain drugs are commonly referred as "blood thinners" or drugs that inhibit clotting.Which of the following would NOT be considered such a drug?


A) Coumadin (warfarin)
B) Lovenox (enoxaparin)
C) Aspirin
D) Prilosec

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The blood has many functions critical to a patient's health.Which one of the listed items below is NOT a function of the blood?


A) Control of bleeding by clotting
B) Delivery of oxygen to the cells
C) Removal and delivery of other waste products to organs that provide filtration and removal, such as the kidneys and liver
D) Removal of carbon monoxide from the cells

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Two chronic medical conditions that dialysis patients frequently have in addition to kidney failure are ________ and ________.


A) blood clots; COPD
B) high cholesterol; cerebral aneurysms
C) heart failure; stroke
D) hypertension; diabetes

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Approximately how many Americans are currently on some type of dialysis?


A) 200,000
B) 50,000
C) 100,000
D) 400,000

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