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Which of the following measures is NOT appropriate for a patient with a significant isolated head injury?


A) Treat for shock by elevating the foot of the backboard.
B) Keep the patient from becoming overheated.
C) Try to keep the patient from being agitated.
D) Control bleeding from head wounds.

Correct Answer

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A

Your patient was ejected from his motorcycle when he struck a deer late at night on a deserted highway.He is drowsy and unable to communicate clearly.As you immobilize him on the long spine board,you find that you are unable to obtain neutral alignment of his spine due to the large helmet he has on.You should:


A) pad under his shoulders to straighten his neck.
B) tip his head back to gain neutral alignment.
C) place towels on either side of the helmet to stabilize it.
D) remove the helmet to better manage proper alignment.

Correct Answer

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Which of the following may be a hazard of an improperly fitting cervical collar?


A) Allows hyperextension of the neck
B) Prevents the patient from opening his mouth
C) Allows flexion of the neck
D) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is defined as an area of the body surface that is innervated by a single spinal nerve?


A) Spinous process
B) Transverse process
C) Malar
D) Dermatome

Correct Answer

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Of the following patients,which injury is the highest priority to receive bag-valve-mask ventilations?


A) 25-year-old female victim of battery who is awake but complains of a headache and has bloody fluid draining from her nose and left ear
B) 15-year-old female who was ejected from a vehicle, struck her head on a tree, and displays decerebrate movements in response to painful stimuli
C) 25-year-old male who regained consciousness one or two minutes after being struck on the head by a baseball bat and is now asking repetitive questions
D) 70-year-old male who struck his head when he fell in the parking lot, has a large laceration on his forehead, and is disoriented

Correct Answer

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Your patient has had his throat slashed during a robbery attempt.You are concerned since it is apparent that the vessels in his neck have been lacerated.A breach in which of the following vessels would be most likely to lead to an air embolism?


A) Capillaries
B) Arterioles
C) Arteries
D) Veins

Correct Answer

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Your patient is a 38-year-old male driver of a vehicle that left the roadway and struck a bus stop shelter and a tree.He is conscious and alert,he has some abrasions on his forehead,his skin is warm and dry,and he has a strong radial pulse and no difficulty breathing.Which of the following descriptions represents the MOST appropriate way for removing the patient from the vehicle?


A) Apply a cervical collar and perform rapid extrication onto a long backboard.
B) Have the patient stand up and then do a "standing take-down" onto a long backboard.
C) Place the backboard on the stretcher and have the patient stand, turn, and lie down on the backboard while you maintain manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spine.
D) Apply a cervical collar and short spine immobilization device before removing to a long backboard.

Correct Answer

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D

When should the EMT calculate a GCS with a patient who suffered a fall of 20 feet from his apartment building?


A) At the hospital before writing the care report
B) En route to the hospital
C) As he approaches the patient
D) Before departing from the scene

Correct Answer

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A 36-year-old male was accidentally shot with a nail gun into the head.You see the nail,which protrudes about 2 to 3 centimeters from the skull,when you visualize the injury site.Under which of the following circumstances should you remove the nail from the injury site?


A) Bleeding from the patient's wound is minimal.
B) The patient develops excessive intracranial pressure (ICP) .
C) The patient begins to complain of shortness of breath.
D) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Your patient has been involved in a motor vehicle collision.He has a contusion on his forehead,is confused,and is bleeding from his nose.His heart rate is 90 beats per minute,blood pressure is 80/58 mmHg,respirations are 20 breaths per minute,and his skin is cool and clammy.Which of the following sets of injuries should you suspect?


A) Head injury, spine injury, and internal bleeding
B) Head injury
C) Head injury and spine injury
D) Head injury and internal bleeding

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is the opening at the base of the skull?


A) Foramen magnum
B) Orbits
C) Spinous process
D) Temporomandibular joint

Correct Answer

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A fracture of which of the following bones would be considered a skull fracture?


A) Temporal bone
B) Nasal bones
C) Maxilla
D) Any of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is NOT used to calculate a patient's GCS?


A) Eye movement
B) Verbal response
C) Work of breathing
D) Motor response

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is the underlying cause of neurogenic shock?


A) Blood loss from damaged spinal blood vessels
B) Failure of the heart to adequately pump blood
C) Extreme emotional response to paralysis
D) Dilation of blood vessels

Correct Answer

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D

When a patient has a serious open wound to the neck,you are concerned about the possibility of an air embolism.The reason an air embolism can occur is because of:


A) the higher pressure in the vessels of the neck.
B) the negative pressure in the chest.
C) vessel pressure that is lower than atmospheric pressure.
D) damage to the trachea.

Correct Answer

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You are called for a young man who was diving head first off a dock into a lake.Bystanders say he struck his head on the bottom because the water was too shallow.They said he was not breathing when they pulled him from the water and they have been performing rescue breathing for him.He is awake,but he is unable to breathe on his own.What type of damage or injury does this indicate?


A) Damage to C-3, C-4, or C5
B) Damage to his thoracic spine
C) Closed head injury
D) Open head injury

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is a function of the autonomic nervous system?


A) Speaking
B) Running or walking
C) Constriction of blood vessels
D) Solving complex math problems

Correct Answer

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Your patient is a 35-year-old woman who was driving a minivan that was struck in the driver's side door by another vehicle.You notice that when you apply pressure to her sternum with your knuckles she extends her legs and flexes her arms and wrists.When giving your radio report,which of the following terms should you use to describe this?


A) Tonic-clonic activity
B) Posturing
C) Cushing's reflex
D) Battle's sign

Correct Answer

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At which point may manual stabilization of the cervical spine be terminated?


A) Only when directed to do so by medical control
B) When the patient is secured to a long backboard
C) After a short immobilization device has been applied
D) After a cervical collar has been applied

Correct Answer

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Which portions of the spine are the most vulnerable to injury?


A) Thoracic and lumbar
B) Cervical and lumbar
C) Cervical and sacra
D) Thoracic and sacra

Correct Answer

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