Question 1

Dialysis patients, who will have blood withdrawn, dialyzed, then replaced, are always weighed when they enter the facility and then weighed carefully again before they leave, because

Accepted Answer

A)  even small changes in body weight may signify changes in blood volume and therefore blood pressure.
B)  many people who have dialysis are diabetic and must control their weight carefully.
C)  dialysis removes blood proteins and these weigh more than other blood components.
D)  dialysis is likely to cause edema and such swelling must be controlled.
E)  reclining posture during dialysis can cause a tendency for weight gain.

Question 2

Flying insects do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  increase metabolism as much as 200-fold during flight.
B)  switch from diffusion of tracheal gases to active transport during flight.
C)  utilize high numbers of mitochondria in flight muscles.
D)  produce water molecules from oxygen in mitochondria.
E)  generate carbon dioxide from catabolism of fuel molecules.

Question 3

Atmospheric pressure at sea level is equal to a column of 760 mm Hg. Oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere by volume. The partial pressure of oxygen (PO₂) in such conditions is

Accepted Answer

A)  160 mm Hg.
B)  16 mm Hg.
C)  120/75.
D)  21/760.
E)  760/21.

Question 4

Vasoconstriction in the gut is a likely response when an individual is

Accepted Answer

A)  lying down after standing up.
B)  standing up after lying down.
C)  stressed and secreting stress hormones.
D)  responding to increased blood pressure.
E)  having an allergy attack with lots of histamine secretion.

Question 5

The fluid that moves around in the circulatory system of a typical arthropod is

Accepted Answer

A)  the digestive juices.
B)  the intracellular fluid.
C)  the blood plasma.
D)  the cytosol.
E)  the interstitial fluid.

Question 6

In a healthy human, the typical life span of a red blood cell is

Accepted Answer

A)  24 hours.
B)  one week.
C)  one month.
D)  four months.
E)  80 years or more.

Question 7

Circulatory systems have the primary benefit of overcoming the shortcomings of

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature differences between the lungs and the active tissue.
B)  the slow rate at which diffusion occurs across cells.
C)  communication systems involving only the nervous system.
D)  having to cushion animals from trauma.
E)  fetal organisms maintaining an optimal body temperature.

Question 8

The only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart are the

Accepted Answer

A)  amphibians.
B)  birds.
C)  fishes.
D)  mammals.
E)  reptiles.

Question 9

An "internal reservoir" of oxygen in rested muscle is found in oxygen molecules bound to

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin.
B)  bicarbonate ions.
C)  carbonic acid.
D)  actin and myosin.
E)  myoglobin.

Question 10

Of the following choices, impairment of a mammal's breathing cycle is most likely following neural damage in

Accepted Answer

A)  the cerebrum and cerebellum.
B)  the medulla oblongata and the pons.
C)  the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex.
D)  the thalamus and the hypothalamus.
E)  the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe.

Question 11

An oil-water mixture works as an insecticidal spray against mosquitoes and other insects because it

Accepted Answer

A)  coats their lungs.
B)  blocks the openings into the tracheal system.
C)  interferes with gas exchange across the capillaries.
D)  clogs their bronchi.
E)  prevents gases from leaving the atmosphere.

Question 12

Which of the following pairs of mammalian blood vessels has blood that is the least similar in its gas content?

Accepted Answer

A)  the pulmonary vein and the jugular vein
B)  the veins from the right and left legs
C)  the pulmonary artery and the vena cava
D)  the pulmonary vein and the aorta
E)  the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava

Question 13

A patient with a blood pressure of 120/75, a pulse rate of 40 beats/minute, a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat, and a respiratory rate of 25 breaths/minute will have a cardiac output of

Accepted Answer

A)  500 mL/minute.
B)  1000 mL/minute.
C)  1750 mL/minute.
D)  2800 mL/minute.
E)  4800 mL/minute.

Question 14

To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas-exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  open circulatory system.
B)  hemocoel.
C)  lymphatic system.
D)  two-chambered heart.
E)  four-chambered heart.

Question 15

If, during protein starvation, the osmotic pressure on the venous side of capillary beds drops below the hydrostatic pressure, then

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin will not release oxygen.
B)  fluids will tend to accumulate in tissues.
C)  the pH of the interstitial fluids will increase.
D)  most carbon dioxide will be bound to hemoglobin and carried away from tissues.
E)  plasma proteins will escape through the endothelium of the capillaries.

Question 16

A person with a tidal volume of 450 mL, a vital capacity of 4000 mL, and a residual volume of 1000 mL would have a potential total lung capacity of

Accepted Answer

A)  1450 mL.
B)  4000 mL.
C)  4450 mL.
D)  5000 mL.
E)  5450 mL.

Question 17

Some human infants, especially those born prematurely, suffer serious respiratory failure because of

Accepted Answer

A)  the sudden change from the uterine environment to the air.
B)  the overproduction of surfactants.
C)  the incomplete development of the lung surface.
D)  lung collapse due to inadequate production of surfactant.
E)  mutations in the genes involved in lung formation.

Question 18

Large proteins such as albumin remain in capillaries rather than diffusing out, resulting in the

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of osmotic pressure in the capillaries.
B)  development of an osmotic pressure difference across capillary walls.
C)  loss of fluid from capillaries.
D)  increased diffusion of CO₂.
E)  increased diffusion of Hb.

Question 19

Hydrogen ions produced within human red blood cells are prevented from significantly lowering plasma pH because they bind to

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin.
B)  plasma proteins.
C)  carbon dioxide.
D)  carbonic acid.
E)  plasma buffers.

Question 20

As a person goes from rest to full-effort exercise, there is an increase in the

Accepted Answer

A)  tidal volume.
B)  vital capacity.
C)  residual volume.
D)  total lung capacity.
E)  All of the above would be different.

Exam 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange

A patient with a blood pressure of 120/75, a pulse rate of 40 beats/minute, a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat, and a respiratory rate of 25 breaths/minute will have a cardiac output of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An "internal reservoir" of oxygen in rested muscle is found in oxygen molecules bound to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If, during protein starvation, the osmotic pressure on the venous side of capillary beds drops below the hydrostatic pressure, then

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a healthy human, the typical life span of a red blood cell is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some human infants, especially those born prematurely, suffer serious respiratory failure because of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person with a tidal volume of 450 mL, a vital capacity of 4000 mL, and a residual volume of 1000 mL would have a potential total lung capacity of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An oil-water mixture works as an insecticidal spray against mosquitoes and other insects because it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following choices, impairment of a mammal's breathing cycle is most likely following neural damage in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas-exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Circulatory systems have the primary benefit of overcoming the shortcomings of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pairs of mammalian blood vessels has blood that is the least similar in its gas content?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Large proteins such as albumin remain in capillaries rather than diffusing out, resulting in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fluid that moves around in the circulatory system of a typical arthropod is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hydrogen ions produced within human red blood cells are prevented from significantly lowering plasma pH because they bind to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Flying insects do all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart are the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vasoconstriction in the gut is a likely response when an individual is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dialysis patients, who will have blood withdrawn, dialyzed, then replaced, are always weighed when they enter the facility and then weighed carefully again before they leave, because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a person goes from rest to full-effort exercise, there is an increase in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Atmospheric pressure at sea level is equal to a column of 760 mm Hg. Oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere by volume. The partial pressure of oxygen (PO₂) in such conditions is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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