Question 1

In humans, the transport epithelial cells in the ascending loop of Henle

Accepted Answer

A)  are the largest epithelial cells in the body.
B)  are not in contact with interstitial fluid.
C)  have plasma membranes of low permeability to water.
D)  have 50% of their cell mass made of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
E)  are not affected by high levels of nitrogenous wastes.

Question 2

Within a normally functioning kidney, blood can be found in

Accepted Answer

A)  the vasa recta.
B)  Bowman's capsule.
C)  the loop of Henle.
D)  the proximal tubule.
E)  the collecting duct.

Question 3

In a laboratory experiment with three groups of students, one group drinks pure water, a second group drinks an equal amount of beer, and a third group drinks an equal amount of concentrated salt solution, all during the same time period. Their urine production is monitored for several hours. Which groups are expected to have the greatest and least amounts of urine, respectively?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beer drinkers have the most; salt solution drinkers have the least.
B)  Salt solution drinkers have the most; water drinkers have the least.
C)  Water drinkers have the most; beer drinkers have the least.
D)  Beer drinkers have the most; water drinkers have the least.
E)  There will be no significant difference between these groups.

Question 4

Processing of filtrate in the proximal and distal tubules

Accepted Answer

A)  achieves the sorting of plasma proteins according to size.
B)  achieves the conversion of toxic ammonia to less toxic urea.
C)  maintains homeostasis of pH in body fluids.
D)  regulates the speed of blood flow through the nephrons.
E)  reabsorbs urea to maintain osmotic balance.

Question 5

Human urine is usually more acidic than most other body fluids because

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen ions are actively moved into the filtrate.
B)  the sodium transporter exchanges one hydrogen ion for each sodium ion.
C)  excreted plasma proteins are nearly all acidic ions.
D)  excreted amino acids are in abundance.
E)  potassium and sodium exchange generates lots of acidity.

Question 6

The fluid with the highest osmolarity is

Accepted Answer

A)  distilled water.
B)  plasma in birds.
C)  plasma in mammals.
D)  sea water in a tidal pool.
E)  estuarine water.

Question 7

After blood flow is artificially reduced at one kidney, you would expect that kidney to secrete more of the hormone known as

Accepted Answer

A)  erythropoietin.
B)  angiotensinogen.
C)  renin.
D)  antidiuretic hormone.
E)  atrial natriuretic peptide.

Question 8

Excretory structures known as protonephridia are present in

Accepted Answer

A)  flatworms.
B)  earthworms.
C)  insects.
D)  vertebrates.
E)  cnidarians.

Question 9

A primary reason that the kidneys have one of the highest metabolic rates of all body organs is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it stores the body's excess fats.
B)  it has membranes of varying permeability to water.
C)  it operates an extensive set of active-transport ion pumps.
D)  it is the body's only means of shedding excess nutrients.
E)  it has an abundance of myogenic smooth muscle.

Question 10

In animals, nitrogenous wastes are produced mostly from the catabolism of

Accepted Answer

A)  starch and cellulose.
B)  triglycerides and steroids.
C)  proteins and nucleic acids.
D)  phospholipids and glycolipids.
E)  fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 11

A human who has no access to fresh water but is forced to drink sea water instead

Accepted Answer

A)  will thrive under such conditions, as long as he has lived at the ocean most of his life.
B)  will excrete more water molecules than taken in, because of the high load of ion ingestion.
C)  will develop structural changes in the kidneys to accommodate the salt overload.
D)  will find that drinking saltwater satiates his thirst.
E)  will risk becoming overhydrated within 12 hours.

Question 12

An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the

Accepted Answer

A)  flame bulb system of flatworms.
B)  protonephridia of rotifers.
C)  metanephridia of earthworms.
D)  Malpighian tubules of insects.
E)  kidneys of vertebrates.

Question 13

The porbeagle shark (Lamana nasus) , found on the continental shelf between Newfoundland and Labrador and Gulf of Maine, excretes ________ which is produced in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  urea, gall bladder
B)  ammonia, kidney
C)  urea, kidney
D)  ammonia, liver
E)  urea, liver

Question 14

Excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules are present in

Accepted Answer

A)  earthworms.
B)  flatworms.
C)  insects.
D)  jellyfish.
E)  sea stars.

Question 15

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of an earthworm is based on the operation of

Accepted Answer

A)  protonephridia.
B)  metanephridia.
C)  Malpighian tubules.
D)  nephrons.
E)  ananephredia.

Question 16

Low selectivity of solute movement is a characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)  salt pumping to control osmolarity.
B)  H⁺ pumping to control pH.
C)  reabsorption mechanisms along the proximal tubule.
D)  filtration from the glomerular capillaries.
E)  secretion along the distal tubule.

Question 17

When stimulated by aldosterone, the reabsorption of Na⁺ is increased along

Accepted Answer

A)  the loop of Henle.
B)  the collecting duct.
C)  Bowman's capsule.
D)  the proximal tubule.
E)  the distal tubule.

Question 18

Use the following structural formulas to identify the following items.
 
-Which of the following is synthesized by mammals, most amphibians, sharks, and some bony fishes, and has lower toxicity than its nitrogenous substrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  D
E)  E

Question 19

The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion of salt from the thin segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
B)  active transport of salt from the upper region of the ascending limb.
C)  the spatial arrangement of juxtamedullary nephrons.
D)  diffusion of urea from the collecting duct.
E)  diffusion of salt from the descending limb of the loop of Henle.

Question 20

The osmoregulatory process called secretion refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of filtrate at an excretory structure.
B)  reabsorption of nutrients from a filtrate.
C)  selective elimination of excess ions and toxins from body fluids.
D)  formation of an osmotic gradient along an excretory structure.
E)  expulsion of urine from the body.

Exam 44: Osmoregulation and Excretion

In animals, nitrogenous wastes are produced mostly from the catabolism of

Correct Answer
verified

An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the

Correct Answer
verified

After blood flow is artificially reduced at one kidney, you would expect that kidney to secrete more of the hormone known as

Correct Answer
verified

Human urine is usually more acidic than most other body fluids because

Correct Answer
verified

Low selectivity of solute movement is a characteristic of

Correct Answer
verified

When stimulated by aldosterone, the reabsorption of Na⁺ is increased along

Correct Answer
verified

The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained by all of the following except

Correct Answer
verified

The porbeagle shark (Lamana nasus) , found on the continental shelf between Newfoundland and Labrador and Gulf of Maine, excretes which is produced in the .

Correct Answer
verified

A primary reason that the kidneys have one of the highest metabolic rates of all body organs is that

Correct Answer
verified

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of an earthworm is based on the operation of

Correct Answer
verified

The osmoregulatory process called secretion refers to the

Correct Answer
verified

Processing of filtrate in the proximal and distal tubules

Correct Answer
verified

Excretory structures known as protonephridia are present in

Correct Answer
verified

The fluid with the highest osmolarity is

Correct Answer
verified

Within a normally functioning kidney, blood can be found in

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Use the following structural formulas to identify the following items. -Which of the following is synthesized by mammals, most amphibians, sharks, and some bony fishes, and has lower toxicity than its nitrogenous substrate?

Correct Answer
verified

Excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules are present in

Correct Answer
verified

In humans, the transport epithelial cells in the ascending loop of Henle

Correct Answer
verified

A human who has no access to fresh water but is forced to drink sea water instead

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 44: Osmoregulation and Excretion

In animals, nitrogenous wastes are produced mostly from the catabolism of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After blood flow is artificially reduced at one kidney, you would expect that kidney to secrete more of the hormone known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Human urine is usually more acidic than most other body fluids because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Low selectivity of solute movement is a characteristic of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When stimulated by aldosterone, the reabsorption of Na⁺ is increased along

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained by all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The porbeagle shark (Lamana nasus) , found on the continental shelf between Newfoundland and Labrador and Gulf of Maine, excretes ________ which is produced in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A primary reason that the kidneys have one of the highest metabolic rates of all body organs is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of an earthworm is based on the operation of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The osmoregulatory process called secretion refers to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Processing of filtrate in the proximal and distal tubules

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Excretory structures known as protonephridia are present in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fluid with the highest osmolarity is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Within a normally functioning kidney, blood can be found in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the following structural formulas to identify the following items. -Which of the following is synthesized by mammals, most amphibians, sharks, and some bony fishes, and has lower toxicity than its nitrogenous substrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules are present in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In humans, the transport epithelial cells in the ascending loop of Henle

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A human who has no access to fresh water but is forced to drink sea water instead

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The porbeagle shark (Lamana nasus) , found on the continental shelf between Newfoundland and Labrador and Gulf of Maine, excretes which is produced in the .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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