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Exam 14: Replication, Generalization, and the Real World

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Question 21

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Dr. Grayson, a health psychologist, conducts a study examining whether people eat more when they are exposed to pictures of food than when they are not exposed to pictures of food. She goes to a fast-food restaurant in downtown Chicago that has pictures of menu items on its menu board and measures the amount of food ordered during the lunch rush (11:30a.m.-1:30 p.m.) on Tuesday. On Thursday, she does the same thing but at a fast-food restaurant that does not have pictures on its menu board (about two blocks away from the first restaurant) . She finds that the restaurant with pictures of food sells more food than the restaurant that does not have pictures. Dr) Grayson would most be able to generalize her findings to which of the following populations?

A) People from Chicago
B) People who live in downtown Chicago
C) People who eat lunch at fast-food restaurants
D) People who eat out at restaurants

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Question 22

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According to the textbook, what is the problem with WEIRD samples?

A) They are not very representative of the world's population.
B) They are not good for theory-testing mode.
C) They are not used frequently enough.
D) They are not very easy to measure.

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Question 23

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A cultural psychologist would be most interested in which of the following sets of participants?

Which of the following is true of cultural psychology?

Mark conducts a study for his research methods class to determine if consuming caffeine causes people to perform better on cognitive tasks. In his study, he gives half of his participants a glass of water and half of his participants a glass of cola and then has them attempt to solve 15 math problems. He finds that people who drink caffeine beforehand solve more math problems than those who drink water beforehand. Mark decides to conduct the exact same study again to ensure that he can find the same difference between the groups a second time. This study is known as a:

Which of the following MUST be done before meta-analyses can occur?

Which of the following claims is most likely to be made in generalization mode?

Dr. Fern recently collected data for a study examining whether an intervention targeting coping strategies can reduce depression. After analyzing the results, she finds no effect of her intervention on depression symptoms. Which of the following would you recommend she do next?

Which of the following is true of theory-testing mode?

Which of the following is true of p-hacking?

Which of the following is an advantage of studies that are conducted in real-world settings?

Dr. Grayson, a health psychologist, conducts a study examining whether people eat more when they are exposed to pictures of food than when they are not exposed to pictures of food. She goes to a fast-food restaurant in downtown Chicago that has pictures of menu items on its menu board and measures the amount of food ordered during the lunch rush (11:30a.m.-1:30 p.m.) on Tuesday. On Thursday, she does the same thing but at a fast-food restaurant that does not have pictures on its menu board (about two blocks away from the first restaurant) . She finds that the restaurant with pictures of food sells more food than the restaurant that does not have pictures. Dr) Grayson wants to conduct her study again, but this time she wants to conduct it in her laboratory. She wants people to feel and act the same way in her laboratory that they would when facing ordering choices in an actual fast-food restaurant. To this end, she must try to enhance which of the following?

In open science, open data are more concerned with , while open materials are more interested in .

Which of the following types of replications investigate the same research question but use different procedures?

Explain what a meta-analysis is and how it is useful in understanding the importance of a scientific relationship.

What does it mean when a study cannot be replicated by an independent researcher?

Dr. Tropez conducts a study examining the relationship between exposure to religion in popular media and religiosity (defined as "the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods"). In his study, he randomly samples a group of 113 participants from his local community college. He generates a list of movies with religious themes (Year One, Dogma, Passion of the Christ) and asks participants to indicate how many they have seen. He then measures religiosity by asking participants how many times they have attended a house of worship (e.g., church, temple, synagogue, mosque) in the past year. He finds that having seen a higher number of religious-themed films is positively correlated with religious attendance. What is the difference between theory-testing mode and generalization mode? In which mode does Dr. Tropez seem to be operating?

Which of the following types of study support external validity?

In a previous correlational study, Dr. Lafayette has found that owning dogs is associated with lower levels of daily stress in a sample of returning war veterans. Which of the following would constitute a shift from theory-testing mode to generalization mode?

Mark conducts a study for his research methods class to determine if consuming caffeine causes people to perform better on cognitive tasks. In his study, he gives half of his participants a glass of water and half of his participants a glass of cola and then has them attempt to solve 15 math problems. He finds that people who drink caffeine beforehand solve more math problems than those who drink water beforehand. Mark decides to conduct a variation of the original study in which he measures participants' ability to solve verbal analogies as the cognitive task instead of measuring their ability to solve math problems. He finds that people who drink caffeine beforehand solve more verbal analogies than those who drink water beforehand, suggesting caffeine consumption causes improved cognitive performance. This study is known as a: