Exam 3: Justice and Law

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A) Libertarian
B) Utilitarian
C) Egalitarian
D) Marxist

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A) the character of the victim
B) the concept of mercy
C) the seriousness of the crime
D) the social status of the perpetrator

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Civil disobedience is a form of nonviolent protest in which individuals intentionally and publicly violate a law or government policy as a means of challenging its legitimacy and promoting change. This concept is rooted in the belief that individuals have a moral obligation to resist unjust laws and policies, and that peaceful resistance can be a powerful tool for social and political transformation. Civil disobedience can take many forms, including peaceful demonstrations, sit-ins, strikes, and other acts of nonviolent resistance. It is often used to draw attention to issues such as racial injustice, discrimination, environmental degradation, and government corruption. One of the most famous examples of civil disobedience is the civil rights movement in the United States, where activists such as Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. used nonviolent resistance to challenge segregation and racial discrimination. Another example is the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, where activists like Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu engaged in civil disobedience to protest the oppressive policies of the apartheid regime. In more recent times, the Black Lives Matter movement has used civil disobedience to protest police brutality and systemic racism, while environmental activists have engaged in acts of civil disobedience to raise awareness about climate change and the need for environmental protection. Overall, civil disobedience is a powerful and influential tool for promoting social and political change, and it has been used by individuals and movements around the world to challenge injustice and advocate for a more just and equitable society.

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Substantive justice and procedural justice are two different concepts within the field of law and ethics. Substantive justice refers to the fairness and justness of the outcome or decision itself, while procedural justice refers to the fairness and justness of the process by which the outcome or decision is reached. An example of substantive justice would be a court ruling that awards a victim of a crime with a fair and appropriate amount of compensation for their losses. In this case, the focus is on the fairness of the outcome for the victim. On the other hand, an example of procedural justice would be a trial in which all parties involved are given equal opportunity to present their evidence and arguments, and the judge or jury makes their decision based on a fair and impartial consideration of the facts. In this case, the focus is on the fairness of the process by which the decision is reached. In summary, substantive justice is concerned with the fairness of the outcome or decision itself, while procedural justice is concerned with the fairness of the process by which the outcome or decision is reached. Both are important aspects of a just legal system.

A) due process
B) moral exception
C) ethical justice
D) civil disobedience

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A) promote citizen ownership of process
B) provide an opportunity for the offender to take personal responsibility
C) provide opportunity for victims and community members to confront offenders in a constructive manner
D) provide an opportunity for the victim and offender to reach an agreement as to punishment or payment

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A) balance
B) deterrence
C) compensation
D) rehabilitation

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A) The process of justice employs local leadership, is informal, and invites participation from community members.
B) The goal is to repair the harm done to a community member by another community member in a way that will restore the health of the community relationship.
C) The authority of the justice giver is through the customs and traditions accepted by all members.
D) The punishment imposed by the community should be of equal or greater severity than the crime itself.

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A) commutative
B) corrective
C) utilitarianism
D) distributive

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False

A) utilitarian justice
B) restorative justice
C) compensatory justice
D) egalitarian justice

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Distributive justice refers to the fair ...

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