Question 1

In achievement situations, PERSON PRAISE is to PROCESS-ORIENTED PRAISE as ____ is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  HUMILIATION :: EMBARRASSMENT
B)  EFFORT :: LUCK
C)  PERFORMANCE GOALS :: LEARNING GOALS
D)  OFFENSIVE :: DEFENSIVE

Question 2

Identify and describe the four identity statuses originally described by James Marcia.

Accepted Answer

James Marcia originally described four i...

Question 3

Damon and Hart and Kellet et al. found that self-descriptions of three- to five-year-olds focus on

Accepted Answer

A)   physical characteristics, possessions, and actions; e.g., "I can ride a bike."
B)   physical characteristics and psychological descriptions; e.g. "I'm happy a lot" or "I like people."
C)   possessions or comparisons to others; e.g., "I'm the tallest in my preschool."
D)  names of friends, and likes/dislikes; e.g., "I love pizza."

Question 4

Two-year-old Jason's big sister stuck a sticker on his head. Later, he looks at himself in the mirror but does not try to retrieve the sticker off of his own head. Jason's self-concept is limited to that of the

Accepted Answer

A)  extended self.
B)  present self.
C)  categorical self.
D)  past self.

Question 5

Outline how children's descriptions of other people typically change from the preschool years through to the end of adolescence.

Accepted Answer

During the preschool years, children's d...

Question 6

The aspect of social cognition that involves knowing about other people is called

Accepted Answer

A)  blind dating.
B)  social referencing of intrinsic achievement.
C)  self-recognized achievement expectancy.
D)  person perception.

Question 7

Which statement implies a performance goal that impedes mastery in achievement goal situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I'm on the right track to solving the problem."
B)  "I'll look good to the teacher if I do puzzles that are easier than they appear."
C)  "Practicing on these problems will improve efficiency."
D)  "Studying problem-solving books will give me new skills and flexibility."

Question 8

Children who are high achievers and are most successful have parents who apply the ____ parenting style.

Accepted Answer

A)  neglectful/noninvolved
B)  permissive
C)  authoritarian
D)  authoritative

Question 9

The incremental view of ability is like

Accepted Answer

A)  quitting a job before it's begun.
B)  swapping an item for something else at the flea market.
C)  inflating a balloon to expand its size.
D)  hearing a train whistle get quieter while the train recedes into the distance.

Question 10

Little Ima, age four, says, "I'm a counter, and I'm a rescuer of baby kitties." Little Ima has a(n)  ____ because she rates herself on these dimensions.

Accepted Answer

A)  categorical self
B)  looking-glass self
C)  foreclosed identity
D)  authoritative parenting style

Question 11

Children tend to rate their competencies as high in all areas when they are at this age level:

Accepted Answer

A)  four to seven years.
B)  eight to 10 years.
C)  11 to 13 years.
D)  14 to 17 years.

Question 12

The child's use of "behavioral comparisons" to make judgments about people peaks at the age of about

Accepted Answer

A)  one to three years.
B)  four to six years.
C)  eight to nine years.
D)  10 to 12 years.

Question 13

A social experience that is known to contribute positively to the child's sense of self-awareness is

Accepted Answer

A)  secure attachment to a caregiver.
B)  attempting to lie or deceive others.
C)  developing a moratorium identity status.
D)  eating together with family members at mealtimes.

Question 14

The majority of the research on topics like self-esteem and achievement motivation focuses on change as

Accepted Answer

A)  qualtitative.
B)  quantitative.
C)  passive.
D)  discontinuous.

Question 15

Which country DIFFERS most from the other three in its status on the collectivism/ individualism dimension?

Accepted Answer

A)  Australia
B)  India
C)  Japan
D)  China

Question 16

False self-behaviors would be most anticipated in a teenager with which identity status?

Accepted Answer

A)  Foreclosure
B)  Moratorium
C)  Identity diffused
D)  Identity achieved

Question 17

In Selman's ____________ role-taking stage, the child can now simultaneously consider her own and another person's points of view.

Accepted Answer

A)  differentiated
B)  formal
C)  societal
D)  mutual

Question 18

Explain what attribution retraining is, and discuss the impact of this technique on learned helplessness.

Accepted Answer

Attribution retraining is a psychologica...

Question 19

For Piaget, abstract formal-operational thinking enables teenagers to

Accepted Answer

A)  achieve learning goals instead of performance goals.
B)  make psychological comparisons along trait dimensions.
C)  become visionary and overcome mindblindness.
D)  use proprioceptive feedback for personality judgments.

Question 20

Among minority youth, greater identity formation conflicts tend to arise for

Accepted Answer

A)  mixed-identity adolescents and cross-ethnic adoptees.
B)  minority children living in poverty.
C)  minority children living in primarily Caucasian neighborhoods.
D)  minority children who are involved in interracial romantic relationships.

Exam 11: Development of the Self-Concept

The incremental view of ability is like

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In Selman's ____________ role-taking stage, the child can now simultaneously consider her own and another person's points of view.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Damon and Hart and Kellet et al. found that self-descriptions of three- to five-year-olds focus on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

False self-behaviors would be most anticipated in a teenager with which identity status?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children tend to rate their competencies as high in all areas when they are at this age level:

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For Piaget, abstract formal-operational thinking enables teenagers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Among minority youth, greater identity formation conflicts tend to arise for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify and describe the four identity statuses originally described by James Marcia.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIJames Marcia originally described four i...View AnswerShow Answer

The child's use of "behavioral comparisons" to make judgments about people peaks at the age of about

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain what attribution retraining is, and discuss the impact of this technique on learned helplessness.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIAttribution retraining is a psychologica...View AnswerShow Answer

Which country DIFFERS most from the other three in its status on the collectivism/ individualism dimension?

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In achievement situations, PERSON PRAISE is to PROCESS-ORIENTED PRAISE as ____ is to ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Little Ima, age four, says, "I'm a counter, and I'm a rescuer of baby kitties." Little Ima has a(n) ____ because she rates herself on these dimensions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The majority of the research on topics like self-esteem and achievement motivation focuses on change as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children who are high achievers and are most successful have parents who apply the ____ parenting style.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The aspect of social cognition that involves knowing about other people is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement implies a performance goal that impedes mastery in achievement goal situations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two-year-old Jason's big sister stuck a sticker on his head. Later, he looks at himself in the mirror but does not try to retrieve the sticker off of his own head. Jason's self-concept is limited to that of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Outline how children's descriptions of other people typically change from the preschool years through to the end of adolescence.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIDuring the preschool years, children's d...View AnswerShow Answer

A social experience that is known to contribute positively to the child's sense of self-awareness is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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James Marcia originally described four i...
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Attribution retraining is a psychologica...
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In achievement situations, PERSON PRAISE is to PROCESS-ORIENTED PRAISE as is to .

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During the preschool years, children's d...
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