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Exam 6: Microbial Genomics

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Question 31

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Explain why the proteome is NOT defined as "all the proteins encoded by an organism's genome."

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Certain proteins might not be synthesize...

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Question 32

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Few genes in all organisms have common evolutionary roots.

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Question 33

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It is generally accepted that independent mutation rather than gene duplication is the mechanism for evolution of most new genes.

Fourth-generation sequencing methods no longer use ________ to detect nucleotide incorporation.

Explain why larger genomes contain more genes devoted to regulation than smaller genomes and why these genes increase the competitiveness of organisms.

A computer program recognizes an ORF by looking for ribosomal binding sites,start codons,and stop codons with an appropriate number of nucleotides between each element.What is a drawback of this approach?

________ of prokaryotic genomes are now available in public databases.

The very first DNA sequencing technology called the Sanger method relies on

Explain why organisms undergoing rapid evolutionary change often contain relatively large numbers of mobile DNA elements,whereas once organisms settle into a stable evolutionary niche,most of these mobile elements are lost.

You are interested in the minimum set of genes necessary for survival of a eukaryotic microorganism such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Design an experiment to systematically test which genes are essential for survival and which are not under high nutrient,aerobic conditions.

Paralogs always have the same function.

Recommend what type of data should be collected and analyzed in a systems biology approach to investigate how a non-pathogenic bacterial strain becomes pathogenic.Describe what scientific fields and methods would be involved in your recommendation.

Interpret the genomic content of mitochondria in relation to their evolution.How is mitochondrial evolution more complicated than expected?

Explain how mass spectrometry (MS)has aided in the progression of the field of metabolomics.

Chromosomal rearrangements due to insertion sequences have apparently contributed to the evolution of several human pathogens.

The largest cellular genomes belong to prokaryotes that are parasitic or pathogenic.

The most abundant genes in prokaryotic genomes are

The intracellular parasite Nanoarchaeum equitans has one of the smallest prokaryotic genomes.Why is the genome of N.equitans so small? How is it possible that the genome of N.equitans contains more genes than that of Mycoplasma genitalium,which is actually 90 kbp larger?

When analyzing the sequence of genes similar to ones already known,why is the amino acid sequence of the protein more important than the DNA sequence?

You want to know whether the virulence genes present in Bordetella pertussis are evolutionarily related to genes in the less pathogenic species B.bronchiseptica or if the virulence genes were acquired via horizontal gene transfer.What characteristic(s) would you compare to answer this question?