Question 1

The two main biological activities in the Ca and Si cycles are the biosynthesis of shells and exoskeletal material as well as the mineralization of these materials in sediments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Ocean acidification decreases the precipitation of calcium carbonate and thus will probably affect the cycling of Ca and other nutrients in the ocean.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Methanogens,among other compounds,use alcohols and fatty acids to synthesize methane gas in anoxic environments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following is/are NOT a degradation product of organic material?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide
B)  methane
C)  oxygen
D)  carbon dioxide,methane,and oxygen

Question 5

One important difference between the C,N,and S cycles and the P,Ca,and Si cycles is that

Accepted Answer

A)  P,Ca,and Si are NOT cycled in terrestrial environments.
B)  the P,Ca,and Si cycles do NOT involve redox changes or gaseous forms that can alter Earth's atmospheric chemistry.
C)  the P,Ca,and Si cycles do NOT involve microbial activity.
D)  the P,Ca,and Si cycles are NOT affected by global warming or other human activity.

Question 6

What reaction is catalyzed by mercuric reductase?

Accepted Answer

A)  CH₃HgCH₃ to Hg²⁺
B)  CH₃Hg⁺ to Hg²⁺
C)  Hg⁴⁺ to Hg²⁺
D)  Hg²⁺ to Hg⁰

Question 7

Describe how syntrophy helps explain why certain enrichments yield consortia and never an individual species.

Accepted Answer

Some catabolic processes are favorable o...

Question 8

In the natural carbon cycle,carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere by the respiration of animals and chemoorganotrophic microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which organisms form the foundation of the carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic chemolithotrophs
B)  chemoheterotrophs
C)  chemoorganotrophs
D)  phototrophs

Question 10

Climate scientists are developing methane hydrates to decrease the effects of global warming.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Why does the burning of fossil fuels cause an imbalance within the carbon cycle? What is the consequence of this imbalance? Include a diagram of the carbon cycle to illustrate your answer.

Accepted Answer

The natural carbon cycle remains in bala...

Question 12

Which compound in fertilizer do farmers use to inhibit the production of easily leached nitrogen compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  anhydrous ammonia
B)  carbonate
C)  nitrapyrin
D)  nitrate

Question 13

Lignin is a complex polymer of methoxylated ________ compounds and is present in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  silica / aquatic environments
B)  mineral / rocks
C)  oil / fossil fuels
D)  aromatic / vascular plant material

Question 14

The precipitation of soluble iron ions into solid iron occurs spontaneously in the presence of organic carbon compounds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Denitrification of fertilizer can result in harmful algal blooms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Abiotic oxidation of Fe²⁺ requires oxygen; no other chemicals can directly oxidize Fe²⁺.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Nitrification and anammox both

Accepted Answer

A)  create nitrogen gas,but nitrification is aerobic while anammox is anaerobic.
B)  oxidize ammonia,but nitrification uses O₂ and anammox uses NO₂- for electron acceptors.
C)  are aerobic processes,but nitrification produces NO₃- and annamox produces N₂ gas.
D)  occur in soils at neutral pH.

Question 18

The ocean has mitigated the impact of anthropogenic carbon dioxide production by

Accepted Answer

A)  absorbing 500 billion tons of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
B)  absorbing over 80% of the trapped heat energy.
C)  storing 600 billion tons of organic carbon.
D)  absorbing 500 billion tons of atmospheric carbon dioxide and over 80% of the trapped heat energy.

Question 19

What is a characteristic of a deep sea marine cold seep/vent?

Accepted Answer

A)  acidic
B)  luminous
C)  low pressure
D)  rich in methane

Question 20

Carbon dioxide is the only greenhouse gas produced by anthropogenic activities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 20: Nutrient Cycles

The two main biological activities in the Ca and Si cycles are the biosynthesis of shells and exoskeletal material as well as the mineralization of these materials in sediments.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does the burning of fossil fuels cause an imbalance within the carbon cycle? What is the consequence of this imbalance? Include a diagram of the carbon cycle to illustrate your answer.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe natural carbon cycle remains in bala...View AnswerShow Answer

Abiotic oxidation of Fe²⁺ requires oxygen; no other chemicals can directly oxidize Fe²⁺.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lignin is a complex polymer of methoxylated ________ compounds and is present in ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nitrification and anammox both

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One important difference between the C,N,and S cycles and the P,Ca,and Si cycles is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the natural carbon cycle,carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere by the respiration of animals and chemoorganotrophic microorganisms.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which organisms form the foundation of the carbon cycle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Climate scientists are developing methane hydrates to decrease the effects of global warming.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Denitrification of fertilizer can result in harmful algal blooms.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which compound in fertilizer do farmers use to inhibit the production of easily leached nitrogen compounds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is/are NOT a degradation product of organic material?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe how syntrophy helps explain why certain enrichments yield consortia and never an individual species.

Correct AnswerverifiedSome catabolic processes are favorable o...View AnswerShow Answer

What reaction is catalyzed by mercuric reductase?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Methanogens,among other compounds,use alcohols and fatty acids to synthesize methane gas in anoxic environments.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a characteristic of a deep sea marine cold seep/vent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The precipitation of soluble iron ions into solid iron occurs spontaneously in the presence of organic carbon compounds.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carbon dioxide is the only greenhouse gas produced by anthropogenic activities.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ocean has mitigated the impact of anthropogenic carbon dioxide production by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ocean acidification decreases the precipitation of calcium carbonate and thus will probably affect the cycling of Ca and other nutrients in the ocean.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The natural carbon cycle remains in bala...
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Lignin is a complex polymer of methoxylated compounds and is present in .

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Some catabolic processes are favorable o...
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