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A(n) ____________________ language sacrifices richness of expression for precision of expression.

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The ____ test tests to see if a machine exhibits behavior indistinguishable from a human.


A) computer intelligence
B) AI
C) Turing
D) cognitive

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The term ____ means "method of assertion."


A) QED
B) forward chaining
C) knowledge engineering
D) modus ponens

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____________________ with a hidden layer of neurons are useful for recognition tasks, where we desire a certain pattern of output signals for a certain pattern of input signals.

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Neural net...

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A(n) ____ contains facts about a specific subject domain to narrow the scope to a manageable size.


A) explanation facility
B) modus ponens
C) knowledge base
D) intelligent agent

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In a neural network, both the knowledge representation and also the "programming" are stored in the network itself as the weights of the connections and the thresholds of the neurons.

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Computational tasks are tasks for which accurate answers need not be found._________________________

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Explain the characteristics that any knowledge representation scheme that we select must have.

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1.Adequacy-The representation method must be adequate to capture all of the relevant knowledge.Because of its rich, expressive powers, a natural language representation will surely capture a lot of knowledge.However, it might be difficult to extract exactly what that knowledge is.You might have to wade through a lot of unnecessary verbiage, and you must also understand the nuances of meaning within the natural language.A formal language representation has the advantage of extracting the essentials. 2.Efficiency-We want the representational form to be minimalist, avoiding redundant information wherever possible.This means allowing some knowledge that is not explicitly represented to be inferred from the knowledge that is explicitly represented.Take, for example, that it is easy to infer from the natural language, the formal language, or the semantic net that because a given creature named Spot is a dog, he has four legs and a tail and also is a mammal and, therefore, warm-blooded.This knowledge is not captured in the pictorial format.On the other hand, it would take a much longer natural language paragraph to describe all the additional knowledge about Spot that is captured in the picture. 3.Extendability-It should be relatively easy to extend the representation to include new knowledge.For example, the semantic net can easily be extended to tack on another "dog" instance.It would also be easy to capture the fact that dogs have two eyes or that mammals do not lay eggs; these properties can simply be plugged in as new ovals connected into the network. 4.Appropriateness-The representation scheme used should be appropriate for the knowledge domain being represented.For example, a pictorial representation scheme would appear to be the most appropriate way to represent the knowledge base for a problem dealing with recognition of visual images.We saw before that a pictorial representation is probably not appropriate for the kind of knowledge about Spot that is difficult to display visually.The level of granularity needed for the intended application might also influence the appropriateness of a particular scheme.Is a given pictorial representation sufficient, or do we need to "zoom in" and expose more detail The appropriate representational form for knowledge therefore depends on the knowledge to be captured and on the type of task for which the knowledge is to be used.

If an output neuron fires when it is not supposed to, then the positive input values coming into it are adjusted upward._________________________

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Backward chaining begins with assertions and tries to match those assertions to the "if" clauses of rules, thereby generating new assertions._________________________

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____ is the branch of computer science that explores techniques for incorporating aspects of intelligence into computer systems.


A) Internet technology
B) Neural networks
C) Database technology
D) Artificial intelligence

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At periodic time intervals, ____ technology downloads updated, personalized information on your screen.


A) search engine
B) push
C) spider
D) wizard

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B

Building a machine that can beat a human at chess is definitively the supreme test of artificial of intelligence.

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Explain what a drone is and give some examples of how they can be used.

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A drone (more properly called a UAV for ...

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Each ____________________ can be thought of as an extremely simple computational device with a single on/off output.

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Cause and effect relationships are translated into "for every" statements._________________________

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The ____ causes the network to settle into a stable state where it can correctly respond, to any desired degree of accuracy, to all inputs in the training set.


A) back propagation algorithm
B) decision tree
C) connectionist architecture
D) solution path

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It has been said of intelligent agent technology that once a sufficient level of trust has been achieved, and when human users are willing to allow their software to make independent decisions, we will begin to see exciting new applications.List one.

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Examples include:
•Financial agents that...

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A robot must not only gather sensory information, but filter out the possibly vast amount of data its surroundings might present to it.

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A formal language representation has the disadvantage of extracting the essentials.

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False

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