Question 1

In the movie Apollo 13, astronauts aboard a damaged spacecraft have to build a carbon dioxide filter out of random items that are aboard the ship with them. If they do not, they will all die rapidly of carbon dioxide poisoning. The fact that they are able to do so with the help of experts on Earth is similar to the _________________ approach developed by Ronald Finke.

Accepted Answer

A)   convergent thinking
B)   creative cognition
C)   divergent thinking
D)   the means-end analysis

Question 2

The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between

Accepted Answer

A)   experts and novices.
B)   laboratory and real-world settings.
C)   experimental groups and control groups.
D)   well- and ill-defined problems.

Question 3

Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the _________________ problem.

Accepted Answer

A)   source
B)   target
C)   exemplar
D)   prototype

Question 4

Describe methods a person can use to increase his or her creativity. If you use any of these methods, give an example of how it has been helpful. If not, which method do you think would be most useful for you and why?

Accepted Answer

There are several methods a person can u...

Question 5

Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution _________________ prior to the solution of an insight problem and _________________prior to the solution of a non-insight problem.

Accepted Answer

A)   gradually rise; gradually rise
B)   gradually rise; rise suddenly just
C)   rise suddenly just; gradually rise
D)   vary unpredictably; vary unpredictably

Question 6

Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate that

Accepted Answer

A)   people arrive at the solution to an insight problem suddenly, but proceed more methodically toward the solution of a non-insight problem.
B)   a person's mental set can hinder finding a solution to a problem.
C)   people often have to backtrack within the problem space to arrive at an answer to a problem.
D)   the way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving.

Question 7

The typical purpose of subgoals is to

Accepted Answer

A)   solve insight problems.
B)   move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state.
C)   bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state.
D)   avoid the need to perform means-end analysis.

Question 8

The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine

Accepted Answer

A)   what information a person is attending to while solving a problem.
B)   which people can be considered more creative in ability to solve problems.
C)   how to develop computer programs that best mimic human problem solving.
D)   how a person's expertise increases his or her likelihood of solving a problem, relative to a beginner.

Question 9

In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. Participants in the _________________ group had the fastest response time.

Accepted Answer

A)   blank
B)   color
C)   black and pink
D)   bread and butter

Question 10

The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us from

Accepted Answer

A)   seeing more efficient solutions to the problem.
B)   being able to solve other problems at all.
C)   understanding why the procedure works successfully.
D)   discriminating between well- and ill-defined problems.

Question 11

Which of the following is not true about divergent thinking?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is open-ended.
B)   It has a large number of potential solutions.
C)   It is the cornerstone of creativity.
D)   It has a single correct answer.

Question 12

In the information-processing approach to problem solving, an operator is most closely associated with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   analysis
B)   progress
C)   transfer
D)   insight

Question 13

The ability to shift experience from one problem-solving situation to a similar problem is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   analogical encoding.
B)   analogical transfer.
C)   insight.
D)   in vivo problem solving.

Question 14

Describe the three steps involved in analogical problem solving. Which step is the most difficult to achieve, and what is the evidence that this is the most difficult step?

Accepted Answer

Analytical problem something is defined ...

Question 15

What did Newell and Simon mean when stating that problem solving is a search? Be sure to use concepts and terms from the text to support your answer.

Accepted Answer

When Newell and Simon stated that proble...

Question 16

Gestalt psychologists consider problem solving as a process involving

Accepted Answer

A)   reorganization or restructuring.
B)   multiple goal states.
C)   sensory operators.
D)   continuity and form.

Question 17

The process of analogical encoding is focused on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   finding similarity
B)   generating ideas
C)   fostering insight
D)   creating value

Question 18

The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of _________________ in problem solving.

Accepted Answer

A)   means-end analysis
B)   functional fixedness
C)   analogy
D)   mental set

Question 19

Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if

Accepted Answer

A)   fewer tacks are provided.
B)   pliers are also presented.
C)   the box is empty.
D)   the candle is already lit.

Question 20

Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   novel object.
B)   familiar object.
C)   frequently used object.
D)   object with a specific function.

Exam 12: Problem Solving

Which of the following is not true about divergent thinking?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Describe methods a person can use to increase his or her creativity. If you use any of these methods, give an example of how it has been helpful. If not, which method do you think would be most useful for you and why?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
There are several methods a person can u...
View Answer

The ability to shift experience from one problem-solving situation to a similar problem is known as

Correct Answer
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Gestalt psychologists consider problem solving as a process involving

Correct Answer
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The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us from

Correct Answer
verified

What did Newell and Simon mean when stating that problem solving is a search? Be sure to use concepts and terms from the text to support your answer.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
When Newell and Simon stated that proble...
View Answer

The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine

Correct Answer
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The process of analogical encoding is focused on ________.

Correct Answer
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Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if

Correct Answer
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Describe the three steps involved in analogical problem solving. Which step is the most difficult to achieve, and what is the evidence that this is the most difficult step?

Correct Answer
verified
Analytical problem something is defined ...
View Answer

The typical purpose of subgoals is to

Correct Answer
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Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate that

Correct Answer
verified

In the information-processing approach to problem solving, an operator is most closely associated with ________.

Correct Answer
verified

In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. Participants in the _________________ group had the fastest response time.

Correct Answer
verified

Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution _ prior to the solution of an insight problem and _prior to the solution of a non-insight problem.

Correct Answer
verified

The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between

Correct Answer
verified

The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of _________________ in problem solving.

Correct Answer
verified

Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the _________________ problem.

Correct Answer
verified

Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 12: Problem Solving

Which of the following is not true about divergent thinking?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe methods a person can use to increase his or her creativity. If you use any of these methods, give an example of how it has been helpful. If not, which method do you think would be most useful for you and why?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThere are several methods a person can u...View AnswerShow Answer

The ability to shift experience from one problem-solving situation to a similar problem is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gestalt psychologists consider problem solving as a process involving

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What did Newell and Simon mean when stating that problem solving is a search? Be sure to use concepts and terms from the text to support your answer.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIWhen Newell and Simon stated that proble...View AnswerShow Answer

The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of analogical encoding is focused on ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the three steps involved in analogical problem solving. Which step is the most difficult to achieve, and what is the evidence that this is the most difficult step?

Correct AnswerverifiedAnalytical problem something is defined ...View AnswerShow Answer

The typical purpose of subgoals is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the information-processing approach to problem solving, an operator is most closely associated with ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. Participants in the _________________ group had the fastest response time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution _________________ prior to the solution of an insight problem and _________________prior to the solution of a non-insight problem.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of _________________ in problem solving.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the _________________ problem.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
There are several methods a person can u...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
When Newell and Simon stated that proble...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Analytical problem something is defined ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution _ prior to the solution of an insight problem and _prior to the solution of a non-insight problem.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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