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List the essential fatty acids (EFA) for human beings. What are the signs of EFA deficiency? What is the minimum amount of EFA required to prevent a deficiency? What foods are rich sources of EFA?

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The human body needs fatty acids, and it...

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Which product has the highest percentage of its fat in polyunsaturated form?


A) Butter
B) Corn oil
C) Beef tallow
D) Coconut oil
E) Palm oil

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Of the total fat content of the most commonly eaten nuts in the United States, what is the approximate percentage of monounsaturated fat?


A) 29
B) 39
C) 49
D) 59
E) 69

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MATCHING -A lipoprotein synthesized within intestinal absorptive cells


A) Liver
B) Olestra
C) Micelle
D) Aspirin
E) Lecithin
F) Corn oil
G) Olive oil
H) Sardines
I) Pancreas
J) Canola oil
K) Oleic acid
L) Stearic acid
M) Cholesterol
N) Potato chips
O) Tropical oils
P) Chylomicron
Q) Linolenic acid
R) Cholecystokinin
S) High-density lipoprotein
T) Very-low density lipoprotein

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What is the function of lipoprotein lipase?


A) Synthesizes lipoproteins in liver cells
B) Synthesizes triglycerides in adipose cells
C) Assembles lipid particles into chylomicrons
D) Hydrolyzes blood triglycerides for uptake into cells
E) Stimulates the release of triglycerides from the liver

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MATCHING -Structure assisting absorption of long-chain fats


A) Liver
B) Olestra
C) Micelle
D) Aspirin
E) Lecithin
F) Corn oil
G) Olive oil
H) Sardines
I) Pancreas
J) Canola oil
K) Oleic acid
L) Stearic acid
M) Cholesterol
N) Potato chips
O) Tropical oils
P) Chylomicron
Q) Linolenic acid
R) Cholecystokinin
S) High-density lipoprotein
T) Very-low density lipoprotein

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C

MATCHING -Slows the synthesis of eicosanoids


A) Liver
B) Olestra
C) Micelle
D) Aspirin
E) Lecithin
F) Corn oil
G) Olive oil
H) Sardines
I) Pancreas
J) Canola oil
K) Oleic acid
L) Stearic acid
M) Cholesterol
N) Potato chips
O) Tropical oils
P) Chylomicron
Q) Linolenic acid
R) Cholecystokinin
S) High-density lipoprotein
T) Very-low density lipoprotein

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Which lipoprotein contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?


A) Chylomicron
B) Low-density lipoprotein
C) High-density lipoprotein
D) Very-low-density lipoprotein
E) Very-high density lipoprotein

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B

An important function of fat in the body is to ____.


A) build muscle tissue
B) regulate blood glucose levels
C) protect vital organs against shock
D) provide precursors for glucose synthesis
E) facilitate reproduction

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What is the approximate average daily trans-fatty acid intake in the United States?


A) 500 mg
B) 2 g
C) 5 g
D) 12 g
E) 18 g

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What is a conjugated linoleic acid?


A) A type of cis-fatty acid
B) A partially hydrogenated omega-6 lipid
C) A fatty acid with the chemical make-up of linoleic acid but with a different configuration
D) A fatty acid resulting from the partial hydrolysis of dietary phospholipids in the intestinal tract
E) A nitrogen-containing compound found in foods and made in the body from the amino acid methionine.

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Spherical complexes of emulsified fats are known as ____.


A) micelles
B) chylomicrons
C) monolipomicrons
D) endogenous bilayer aggregates
E) polymerized lipids

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Which statement describes a recognized relationship between dietary fat and cancer?


A) Fat from milk does not increase risk for cancer.
B) Dietary fat initiates rather than promotes cancer formation.
C) High intakes of omega-3 fatty acids promote cancer development in animals.
D) The evidence linking fat intake with cancer is stronger than that linking it with heart disease.
E) There is a strong link between breast cancer incidence and dietary fat.

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Discuss the functions of lipids in the body. What is the role of the liver in metabolizing and processing fats?

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First and foremost, triglycerides-either...

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According to the Dietary Guidelines, what should be the maximum total fat intake as a percentage of energy intake?


A) 10
B) 20
C) 35
D) 50
E) 60

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MATCHING -An 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid


A) Liver
B) Olestra
C) Micelle
D) Aspirin
E) Lecithin
F) Corn oil
G) Olive oil
H) Sardines
I) Pancreas
J) Canola oil
K) Oleic acid
L) Stearic acid
M) Cholesterol
N) Potato chips
O) Tropical oils
P) Chylomicron
Q) Linolenic acid
R) Cholecystokinin
S) High-density lipoprotein
T) Very-low density lipoprotein

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K

What is the immediate precursor for the eicosanoids?


A) Glucose
B) Hormones
C) Fatty acids
D) Cholesterol
E) Lipases

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Discuss the meaning and significance of trans-fatty acids in the diet. List four common food sources.

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In nature, most double bonds are cis-mea...

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What dietary advice is appropriate for reducing fat intake?


A) Limit intake of all fried foods because they contain abundant fat.
B) Substitute crackers and cornbread for other starches because they are likely lower in fat.
C) Consume foods with more invisible fat because this type of fat is not absorbed well from the digestive tract.
D) Increase consumption of soups, such as cream-of-mushroom soup prepared with water, because the fat content is usually very low.
E) Increase dairy consumption while decreasing consumption of fats from other sources, because dairy fats do not contribute to disease.

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Which compound is missing four or more hydrogen atoms?


A) Monounsaturated fatty acid
B) Polyunsaturated fatty acid
C) Long-chain saturated fatty acid
D) Short-chain saturated fatty acid
E) Triglycerides

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