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Exam 12: A: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

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Question 71

Multiple Choice

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Freud ascribed great importance to sexual and aggressive impulses. Why did he focus on those impulses?

A) They tend to be routinely frustrated.
B) They tend to be reinforced by others.
C) They dominate our dreams.
D) They are essential to the survival of the species.

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Question 72

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What is your self-concept said to be if it is reasonably accurate, according to Carl Rogers?

A) extraverted
B) self-actualized
C) valid
D) congruent with reality

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Question 73

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What would Adler suggest about Patricia's progress from her rough upbringing to her relative success in adulthood?

Skye is five years old, and two weeks ago her mother had a baby boy. Since her brother was brought home, Skye has insisted on drinking all her juice from baby bottles, and she has started wetting her bed. What defence mechanism does this reflect, according to Freud?

Deirdre used to be shy and unwilling to speak out in class. Last semester she was in a class that involved a lot of discussion groups, and she found that her classmates were willing to listen attentively to her ideas, and often asked her for input when the discussion bogged down. Now Deirdre is more outspoken and confident during class discussions. Which of the following led to Deirdre's change in behaviour?

Cody just completed a personality scale designed to measure the three higher-order traits identified by Hans Eysenck. He scored low in the personality trait of extraversion. What does this suggest about Cody?

Which of the following is NOT stressed by psychoanalytic theory?

Which of the following is NOT a common criticism of psychodynamic theories of personality?

You have just taken a test that involved answering pages of questions about your characteristic behaviour. What type of test is this likely to be?

Colton is completing a long personality inventory, and he doesn't really want to take the time to read each of the questions in detail. Instead, he simply disagrees with all the statements. Which of the following describes Colton's method of completing the personality inventory?

Abdul is 14 years old and has just begun puberty. Which stage is Abdul entering according to Freud's stages of psychosexual development?

Assume that personality researchers have isolated a new trait they called "prajna." What would it indicate if these researchers report that fraternal twins reared together are more similar in this trait than identical twins reared apart?

Which approach to personality stresses the individual's freedom, uniqueness, and growth potential?

Which of the following criticisms can be leveled against both the psychoanalytic approach and the humanistic approach to personality?

Aaron is an extravert who tends to have a high degree of self-efficacy. This week, however, he is not his usual self because his girlfriend ended their relationship. What would someone who takes an interactionist approach to personality suggest about Aaron's current state?

Ten-year-old Benjamin is often nervous about bringing report cards home to his parents. Although his parents say they love him, he feels that they really love him only when he obtains excellent grades in school. How does Benjamin perceive his parents' affection, based on the theory developed by Carl Rogers?

Hal is fearful of men who are friendly toward him, convinced that they are all homosexuals attempting to seduce him. Freud might suggest that Hal is himself a latent homosexual, fearful of admitting this even to himself. What defence mechanism is Hal using, in that case?

Discuss ways in which each of the major perspectives on personality has influenced some aspect of everyday life in modern society.

Greta is an outgoing and charming woman. There are a few things that really make her defensive and angry, however. She is very patriotic, and she won't tolerate anyone criticizing her country or her culture. Which of the following personality theories would help explain Greta's patriotism?

Meagan is strongly attracted to one of the men whom she works with, but he is married. To deal with the anxiety that her feelings have generated, she has unconsciously convinced herself that her coworker is attracted to her. What defence mechanism is Meagan using, according to Freud?