Question 1

The ion pumps sensitive to aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A)   reabsorb potassium ions from the tubular fluid.
B)   vasoconstrict the efferent arterioles at the nephrons.
C)   increase the active secretion of sodium ions along the distal convoluted tubule.
D)   increase the water permeability of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
E)   reabsorb sodium ions from the tubular fluid.

Question 2

Water reabsorption occurs passively through the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   osmosis.
B)   simple diffusion.
C)   active transport.
D)   facilitated diffusion.
E)   pinocytosis.

Question 3

Sylvia is suffering from severe edema (an abnormal buildup of serous fluid between tissue cells)in her arms and legs.Her physician prescribes a diuretic (a substance that will increase the volume of urine produced).Why might this help to alleviate Sylvia's problem?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the volume of urine produced ...

Question 4

The process for regulating pH that plays only a supporting role in the ECF but is quite important in pH control of the ICF is

Accepted Answer

A)   protein buffers.
B)   the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system.
C)   the phosphate buffer system.
D)   changes in the rate and depth of breathing.
E)   metabolic generation.

Question 5

Intracellular fluid contains an abundance of

Accepted Answer

A)   chloride and potassium.
B)   potassium and phosphate.
C)   sodium and phosphate.
D)   potassium and sulfate.
E)   magnesium and bicarbonate.

Question 6

Why does the peritubular fluid of the renal medulla contain an unusually high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)   The cells of the juxtaglomerular complex secrete the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin.
B)   The collecting system reabsorbs water and reabsorbs or secretes sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and bicarbonate ions.
C)   The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorb organic nutrients, plasma proteins, and ions from the tubular fluid.
D)   The ascending limb of the nephron loop actively transports sodium and chloride ions out of the tubular fluid.
E)   The filtration slits between the slender processes of the podocytes prevent the passage of blood cells and most plasma proteins.

Question 7

Acid-base balance exists when

Accepted Answer

A)   there is a balance between the rates of absorption across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the kidneys.
B)   the amount of water gain equals the amount of water loss.
C)   protein intake equals protein excretion.
D)   the net gain in sodium ions equals its net loss.
E)   the production of hydrogen ions is equal to their loss.

Question 8

Any condition accompanied by severe kidney damage can result in ________,the second most common acid-base disorder.

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic acidosis
B)   metabolic alkalosis
C)   respiratory acidosis
D)   respiratory alkalosis
E)   pyelonephritis

Question 9

A person who is suffering from bouts of repeated vomiting may risk developing a serious case of

Accepted Answer

A)   respiratory acidosis.
B)   metabolic acidosis.
C)   nephritis.
D)   respiratory alkalosis.
E)   metabolic alkalosis.

Question 10

With increasing age,

Accepted Answer

A)   the number of functional nephrons increases.
B)   the sensitivity to ADH and aldosterone increases.
C)   the total body water content increases.
D)   instances of kidney problems increase.
E)   the body mineral content increases due to the deterioration of bone.

Question 11

Which component of the ECF is the largest in both males and females?

Accepted Answer

A)   lymph
B)   plasma
C)   interstitial fluid
D)   synovial fluid
E)   cerebrospinal fluid

Question 12

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label R represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)   hilum
B)   renal pelvis
C)   renal cortex
D)   renal medulla
E)   renal sinus

Question 13

Electrolyte balance primarily involves balancing the rates of ________ across the digestive tract with rates of ________ at the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A)   excretion; secretion
B)   filtration; absorption
C)   secretion; filtration
D)   absorption; loss
E)   osmosis; gain

Question 14

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label E represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)   hilum
B)   renal pelvis
C)   renal cortex
D)   renal medulla
E)   renal sinus

Question 15

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label AA represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)   hilum
B)   renal pelvis
C)   renal cortex
D)   renal medulla
E)   renal sinus

Question 16

In response to respiratory alkalosis,

Accepted Answer

A)   the respiratory rate increases.
B)   the chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are further stimulated.
C)   the kidneys conserve bicarbonate.
D)   the kidneys secrete more hydrogen ions.
E)   the respiratory rate decreases.

Question 17

The principal cation in the ICF is

Accepted Answer

A)   sodium.
B)   potassium.
C)   calcium.
D)   magnesium.
E)   chloride.

Question 18

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label F represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)   renal papilla
B)   renal columns
C)   renal cortex
D)   major calyx
E)   minor calyx

Question 19

The portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting system is the

Accepted Answer

A)   proximal convoluted tubule.
B)   loop of Henle.
C)   distal convoluted tubule.
D)   collecting duct.
E)   minor calyx.

Question 20

ADH is released by cells in the

Accepted Answer

A)   juxtaglomerular complex.
B)   central nervous system.
C)   podocytes.
D)   adrenal glands.
E)   macula densa.

Exam 18: The Urinary System

In response to respiratory alkalosis,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label F represents which of the following structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Electrolyte balance primarily involves balancing the rates of ________ across the digestive tract with rates of ________ at the kidneys.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The principal cation in the ICF is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acid-base balance exists when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Any condition accompanied by severe kidney damage can result in ________,the second most common acid-base disorder.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person who is suffering from bouts of repeated vomiting may risk developing a serious case of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label E represents which of the following structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sylvia is suffering from severe edema (an abnormal buildup of serous fluid between tissue cells)in her arms and legs.Her physician prescribes a diuretic (a substance that will increase the volume of urine produced).Why might this help to alleviate Sylvia's problem?

Correct AnswerverifiedIncreasing the volume of urine produced ...View AnswerShow Answer

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label R represents which of the following structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting system is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Intracellular fluid contains an abundance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ion pumps sensitive to aldosterone

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which component of the ECF is the largest in both males and females?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

ADH is released by cells in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does the peritubular fluid of the renal medulla contain an unusually high solute concentration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process for regulating pH that plays only a supporting role in the ECF but is quite important in pH control of the ICF is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label AA represents which of the following structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With increasing age,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water reabsorption occurs passively through the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Electrolyte balance primarily involves balancing the rates of across the digestive tract with rates of at the kidneys.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Increasing the volume of urine produced ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified