Question 1

Evolutionary theorists,including David Premack,argue that language is a product of natural selection and that it evolved as a device to build and maintain social coalitions in increasingly larger groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following heuristics has been shown by evolutionary psychologists to be both simple and surprisingly effective?

Accepted Answer

A)   recognition heuristic
B)   representativeness heuristic
C)   trial and error heuristic
D)   availability heuristic

Question 3

Summarize the effects of bilingualism on language and cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

There is little empirical support for th...

Question 4

Which class of problems involves discovering the relations among the parts of the problem?

Accepted Answer

A)   transformation
B)   probability
C)   inducing structure
D)   arrangement

Question 5

The process by which a child learns a new word after only one exposure to the word is

Accepted Answer

A)   fast mapping.
B)   logical reasoning.
C)   underextension.
D)   overextension.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Humans are capable of producing about 100 phonemes.
B)   A letter of the alphabet is represented by more than one phoneme if it has more than one pronunciation.
C)   All languages use all of the phonemes of which humans are capable.
D)   Phonemes are combined into morphemes.

Question 7

Barriers to effective problem solving,such as functional fixedness and mental sets,BEST reflect the unifying theme in psychology that

Accepted Answer

A)   behavior is shaped by cultural heritage.
B)   psychology is empirical.
C)   heredity and environment jointly influence behavior.
D)   people's experience of the world is highly subjective.

Question 8

Framing refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   the way in which the alternatives in a decision problem are presented.
B)   structuring decision problems in a manner that will lead to poor decisions.
C)   presenting only part of the information required to make a decision.
D)   presenting information that has no direct bearing on the decision problem at hand.

Question 9

If you were to compare adult language ability with the language ability speech of infants under 6 months of age you should expect to find that

Accepted Answer

A)   infants distinguish more morphemes than adults do.
B)   adults distinguish more phonemes than infants do.
C)   infants distinguish more phonemes than adults do.
D)   adults and infants both distinguish the same number of phonemes.

Question 10

Dr.Sciorro believes that because the majority of children acquire language without any effort,there must be a biological mechanism that facilitates language learning.Dr.Sciorro's views of language development most closely mirror those of

Accepted Answer

A)   Noam Chomsky.
B)   Herbert Simon.
C)   B. F. Skinner.
D)   Benjamin Whorf.

Question 11

The two sentences "The boy hit the ball" and "The ball was hit by the boy" are the same in regard to

Accepted Answer

A)   grammar.
B)   syntax.
C)   morphemes.
D)   semantics.

Question 12

You apply to a graduate school that decides on who is accepted by demanding that three successive criteria be met: major GPA over 3.50; overall GPA over 3.00; GRE over 1000.Failure to meet any one eliminates an applicant.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   the representativeness heuristic.
B)   elimination by aspects.
C)   a weighted decision strategy.
D)   a purely additive decision strategy.

Question 13

When people are seeking gains,they are ____ to make risky decisions than when they are attempting to cut their losses.

Accepted Answer

A)   less likely
B)   more likely
C)   equally likely
D)   less likely if female but more likely if male

Question 14

An algorithm is

Accepted Answer

A)   the set of possible pathways to a solution considered by a problem solver.
B)   a guiding principle or "rule of thumb" used in problem solving.
C)   a methodical procedure for trying all possible solutions to a problem.
D)   equivalent to a heuristic.

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning the ability of animals to acquire language is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   some language-like skills have been taught to a number of species
B)   questions remain concerning whether the language-like behavior of animals demonstrate all the critical properties of language
C)   animals have never shown behavior that suggests an understanding of grammatical rules
D)   the ability to use language - in a very basic, primitive way - may not be entirely unique to humans

Question 16

Evolutionary theorists argue that if decision problems were stated in terms of raw frequencies,then

Accepted Answer

A)   base rate neglect and the conjunction fallacy would both disappear.
B)   base rate neglect and the conjunction fallacy would both become more pronounced.
C)   base rate neglect would disappear, but the conjunction fallacy would become more pronounced.
D)   base rate neglect would become more pronounced, but the conjunction fallacy would disappear.

Question 17

You flip a fair coin ten times.Each time it comes up heads you get 10 cents.Each time it comes up tails you lose 5 cents.What is your expected value for each flip of the coin?

Accepted Answer

A)   +10 cents
B)   +5 cents
C)   -5 cents
D)   -10 cents

Question 18

Mrs.Bondle seldom corrects her 4-year-old's grammatical errors,such as "Her drinked my milk." However,she is careful to correct factual errors,such as "Tiger ate his milk." Assuming Mrs.Bondle's child develops normal language skills,her pattern of feedback would be inconsistent with

Accepted Answer

A)   the behavioral view of language development.
B)   the nativist view of language development.
C)   all major theories of language development.
D)   the transformational theory of language development.

Question 19

The hypothesis that one's language determines the nature of one's thought is the

Accepted Answer

A)   linguistic relativity hypothesis.
B)   interactionist hypothesis.
C)   nativist hypothesis.
D)   metalinguistic awareness hypothesis.

Question 20

At dinner three-year-old Bobby overhears his father tell the waitress that his tasty hamburger was delicious.The next day Bobby tells his mother that the grilled-cheese sandwich she made him for lunch was delicious.Apparently,Bobby learned the word delicious through the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   fast mapping.
B)   overextension.
C)   underextension.
D)   telegraphic speech.

Exam 8: Language and Thought

Evolutionary theorists,including David Premack,argue that language is a product of natural selection and that it evolved as a device to build and maintain social coalitions in increasingly larger groups.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Sciorro believes that because the majority of children acquire language without any effort,there must be a biological mechanism that facilitates language learning.Dr.Sciorro's views of language development most closely mirror those of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An algorithm is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At dinner three-year-old Bobby overhears his father tell the waitress that his tasty hamburger was delicious.The next day Bobby tells his mother that the grilled-cheese sandwich she made him for lunch was delicious.Apparently,Bobby learned the word delicious through the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which class of problems involves discovering the relations among the parts of the problem?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mrs.Bondle seldom corrects her 4-year-old's grammatical errors,such as "Her drinked my milk." However,she is careful to correct factual errors,such as "Tiger ate his milk." Assuming Mrs.Bondle's child develops normal language skills,her pattern of feedback would be inconsistent with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You apply to a graduate school that decides on who is accepted by demanding that three successive criteria be met: major GPA over 3.50; overall GPA over 3.00; GRE over 1000.Failure to meet any one eliminates an applicant.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you were to compare adult language ability with the language ability speech of infants under 6 months of age you should expect to find that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hypothesis that one's language determines the nature of one's thought is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Barriers to effective problem solving,such as functional fixedness and mental sets,BEST reflect the unifying theme in psychology that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following heuristics has been shown by evolutionary psychologists to be both simple and surprisingly effective?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Summarize the effects of bilingualism on language and cognitive development.

Correct AnswerverifiedThere is little empirical support for th...View AnswerShow Answer

Evolutionary theorists argue that if decision problems were stated in terms of raw frequencies,then

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process by which a child learns a new word after only one exposure to the word is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Framing refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning the ability of animals to acquire language is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You flip a fair coin ten times.Each time it comes up heads you get 10 cents.Each time it comes up tails you lose 5 cents.What is your expected value for each flip of the coin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When people are seeking gains,they are ____ to make risky decisions than when they are attempting to cut their losses.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The two sentences "The boy hit the ball" and "The ball was hit by the boy" are the same in regard to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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There is little empirical support for th...
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