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Most first panic attacks ________


A) follow some distressing event.
B) are uncued.
C) are followed by the development of panic disorder.
D) last more than an hour.

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Research using panic provocation procedures has revealed ________


A) the neurobiological basis for panic disorder.
B) that there is no biological explanation for panic disorder.
C) flaws in the studies using sodium lactate infusion.
D) that there are probably multiple biological explanations for panic disorder.

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"Repeated stimulation of the limbic system by discharges from the locus coeruleus may lower the threshold for later experiences of anxiety. Then, through learning, controlled by the prefrontal cortex, the person actively avoids fearful situations." This quotation most clearly refers to the biological processes involved in ________


A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) panic disorder with agoraphobia.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) social phobia.

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Lauren is phobic of birds. Her therapist shows her how to approach a bird in a cage. The therapist then takes the bird out, pets it and feeds it. She then encourages Lauren to do the same behaviors. This type of procedure is called ________


A) exposure therapy.
B) classical conditioning.
C) participant modeling.
D) virtual reality therapy.

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Which of the following provides a unique challenge when trying to eliminate the obsessions seen in OCD?


A) The client is likely to feel that his or her concerns are justified.
B) Attempting to not think about something may lead to thinking about it more.
C) Obsessions are likely to only be experienced under certain environmental conditions.
D) Medications are ineffective in suppressing obsessions.

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Compare the comprehensive learning theory and the cognitive theory of panic disorder.

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The comprehensive learning theory sugges...

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Jessica spends much of her day counting or saying certain words to herself. When she is not doing this, she is checking whether she left her doors unlocked. These symptoms illustrate ________


A) compulsions.
B) obsessions.
C) both obsessions (the counting and saying words) and compulsions (the checking) .
D) neither obsessions nor compulsions.

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Neuroticism is ________


A) a tendency to experience negative mood states.
B) simply another term for anxiety.
C) a tendency to believe negative things about oneself.
D) a tendency to feel anxious.

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Agoraphobia is best described as a fear of ________


A) going to the dentist.
B) being alone.
C) being judged by people.
D) experiencing a panic attack.

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What are obsessions? Compulsions? Give an example of each.

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Obsessions are persistent, recurrent, in...

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Which of the following statements is correct in regard to the role of cognitions in panic?


A) Panic can be prevented in a panic provocation study by explaining what will happen.
B) Panic clients are more likely to interpret bodily sensations as catastrophic events.
C) Only individuals who tend to catastrophize develop panic disorder.
D) Cognitive therapy is less effective than emotive therapy for panic disorder.

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James began having panic attacks immediately after his mother died suddenly. As they became more frequent, he began to fear going into public situations where they might occur. Now he is unable to leave his apartment and has others go out to shop for him. What is unusual about this case?


A) It is unusual for a person with severe agoraphobia to be a man.
B) It is unusual for panic attacks to begin after a stressful life event.
C) It is unusual for fear of panic attacks to lead to agoraphobia.
D) There is nothing unusual about this case.

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Virtual reality environments ________


A) permit the use of a combination of exposure therapy, participant modeling, and stress inoculation.
B) have been shown to be effective in treating agoraphobia.
C) appear to be more effective in treating phobias than live exposure to the feared stimulus.
D) allow exposure therapy to be conducted in a simulated setting.

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What benefit do those with GAD derive from worrying?

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Research has revealed that worrying does...

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Studies of preparedness and social phobia ________


A) find that angry faces act as fear-relevant stimuli.
B) reveal that an explicit perception of threat is necessary to evoke a sympathetic response.
C) do not provide justification for the seemingly irrational nature of social phobia.
D) provide an explanation for why such a maladaptive behavioral response persists.

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The basic emotion that involves activation of the "fight-or-flight" response is __________.

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Approximately ___ to ___ of people report their first panic attack occurred after a negative life event.


A) 10; 20
B) 30; 40
C) 60; 70
D) 80; 90

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________ was once thought to be a fear of crowded places, but now is seen as a complication of having panic attacks in public.


A) Agoraphobia
B) Claustrophobia
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
D) General social phobia

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