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Exam 9: Shaping

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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In which of the following situations would it be appropriate to use shaping?

A) the target behavior is already occurring
B) instruction or demonstration would be effective
C) acquisition of a novel behavior is the goal
D) A and B

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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______________ reinforcers are used during shaping because they enable rapid delivery of the reinforcer and prevent satiation from occurring.

A) unconditioned
B) tangible
C) conditioned
D) edible

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Question 3

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Provide an example of how shaping could be used to change a dimension of an existing behavior.

A teacher uses shaping to increase the loudness of a withdrawn child's voice.This would be an example of using shaping to:

When using shaping, each step should be ____________ to the target behavior.

When Tommy's Mom asks him to stop playing video games he ignores her.When she asks him a second, third, and fourth time in a louder voice Tommy continues to ignore her.By the fifth time, Tommy's Mom screams at him to stop playing video games, and he finally stops.Eventually, Tommy's Mom has to yell at him ten times before he quits playing video games.In this example, whose behavior has been shaped?

Which of the following behaviors cannot be developed through shaping?

An extinction burst is valuable in shaping because it may lead to the next approximation to the target behavior.

______________ and _______________ are the two behavioral principles involved in shaping.

Shaping would not be used if a person could benefit from instructions or modeling.

Jerry is a professional football player who injured his knee while running during a game.Jerry has had surgery and his knee is fully healed, but he is afraid to put pressure on it because he doesn't want to re-injure it.The trainer implements a plan in which he first differentially reinforces standing, then walking, then jogging, and finally running at full speed.This is an example of using shaping to:

Shaping is a procedure that can help a person engage in a new behavior.

Shaping ________ (is / is not) the appropriate procedure to use if you want to strengthen an existing behavior.

What is the first thing that should be done before implementing shaping?

In shaping language in a young child, what is typically the starting behavior?

In _______________ successive approximations of the target behavior are differentially reinforced until the individual engages in the target behavior.

Differential reinforcement of each successive approximation involves:

Shaping involves reinforcement of a closer approximation and extinction of a previous approximation of a target behavior.

Which of the following is(are) involved in the process of learning language?

People are often well aware of how shaping can develop problem behaviors.