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Exam 1: What Is Psychology

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Question 111

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Cognitive researchers have contributed to psychology by:

A) linking our evolutionary history to the functions of human behaviours today.
B) sticking to the observable aspects of human behaviour.
C) devising methods for inferring mental processes from observable behaviour.
D) improving on the method of introspection by making it more objective.

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Question 112

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Which school of thought in psychology emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind?

A) phrenology
B) structuralism
C) functionalism
D) psychoanalysis

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Question 113

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Match these accomplishments with the appropriate person. -An American psychologist who founded functionalism.

Our authors note that ________ is revered by psychologists because his laboratory was the first to have its results published in a scholarly journal.

The text states that "We are like fish that are unaware they live in water, so obvious is water in their lives. Sociocultural psychologists study the water-the social and cultural environments that people 'swim' in every day." Describe two examples from your personal experience that illustrate how cultural rules influence the way we perceive the world and relate to others.

Empirical evidence is evidence gathered by careful reflection on personal experiences.

Feminist psychology is an approach that analyzes the influence of social inequities on gender relations and on the behaviour of the two sexes.

Match these definitions with the appropriate approach. -A theory of personality and method of psychotherapy that emphasized unconscious motives and conflicts.

A difference between the great thinkers of history and today's psychologists is that:

Ali's mother asks her to describe what she is learning in her psychology class. Ali responds by saying, "I can give you an example about psychology." Which of the following gives the most accurate view of psychology?

The following provinces require that individuals who call themselves psychologists possess a doctorate degree in psychology:

Critics, both outside and within feminist psychology, are concerned that some feminists have replaced a male bias in research with a female bias.

Humanist psychology primarily arose as a reaction to:

Professor King approaches questions about human behaviour from a perspective that emphasizes the rewards and punishments that maintain certain specific behaviours. He does not invoke the mind to explain behaviour but sticks to what he can observe and measure directly. It is most likely that he accepts which of the following psychological approaches?

The forerunners of modern psychology depended heavily on empirical research.

Cultural psychologists examine how cultural rules and values, both explicit and unspoken, affect people's development, behaviour, and feelings.

Wilhelm Wundt's trained introspectors had to make between 50 and 100 practice observations before they were allowed to participate in an actual study.

Vincent Ruggiero observed that "The trigger mechanism for creative thinking is the disposition to be curious, to wonder, to inquire." Describe your reaction to this comment and then describe three questions that you have been curious about in regard to human nature.

Psychometric psychologists design and evaluate tests of mental abilities, aptitudes, interests, and personality.

Psychology is the study of: