Question 1

Professor Holden gives a psychology exam on the origins of intelligence. She gives a short answer question based on the IQ scores of a parent-child pair. In order to answer the question correctly, her students need to remember that:

Accepted Answer

A)   given these variables, the correlation will be positive.
B)   to say that a relationship exists, you need more than one pair of values to compare.
C)   given these variables, the correlation will be uncorrelated.
D)   given these variables, the correlation will be negative.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)   A hypothesis is a statement that attempts to explain a specific behaviour.
B)   A hypothesis is a specific prediction derived from a theory.
C)   A hypothesis is a prediction about future events based on guesswork.
D)   A hypothesis is a statement about a relationship between variables that may be empirically tested.

Question 3

An ideal scientist should:

Accepted Answer

A)   not express skepticism of new ideas.
B)   rely on scientific intuition.
C)   make sure theories are falsifiable.
D)   not make "risky predictions."

Question 4

Psychologists follow a code of ethics that has been developed by the Tri-Council. Describe five reasons why psychologists study animals. Explain the Tri-Council code in regard to research with animal subjects. Why has animal research provoked angry disputes?

Accepted Answer

A GOOD ANSWER WILL INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING...

Question 5

Many psychologists have called for more field research because experimental studies:

Accepted Answer

A)   cannot identify cause and effect.
B)   do not allow firm conclusions to be drawn.
C)   may be missing vital information due to participants' inaccurate memories.
D)   often involve artificial situations.

Question 6

Match these descriptions with the appropriate term.
-In an experiment, a comparison condition in which subjects are not exposed to the same treatment as in the experimental condition.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable
B)  dependent variable
C)  random assignment
D)  single-blind study
E)  control condition

Question 7

Psychologists follow a code of ethics that has been developed by the Tri-Council. Explain the Tri-Council code in regard to research with human subjects. What happens when participants must be misled about the true purpose of the study in order to make sure that their responses are natural?

Accepted Answer

A GOOD ANSWER WILL INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING...

Question 8

Replication occurs when scientists repeat a study in order to verify or challenge its findings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Statistics can be manipulated, exaggerated, and misrepresented to promote a particular political or social agenda. Give two examples of how statistics can be misused and outline 4 helpful guidelines to ensure critical thinking when examining statistics.

Accepted Answer

A GOOD ANSWER WILL INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING...

Question 10

Match these descriptions with the appropriate research terms.
-A controlled test in which the researcher manipulates one variable to discover its effect on another.

Accepted Answer

A)  theory
B)  longitudinal study
C)  hypothesis
D)  correlation
E)  experiment

Question 11

A variable that the experimenter predicts will be affected by her manipulations is called a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)   independent variable.
B)   dependent variable.
C)   coefficient of correlation.
D)   control condition.

Question 12

As a result of controversy over the use of deception in research:

Accepted Answer

A)   the CPA now does not allow deception.
B)   debriefing is required when deception is used.
C)   deception is allowed as long as subjects are volunteers.
D)   subjects who are deceived must receive therapy free of charge if they request it.

Question 13

Match these definitions with the appropriate statistical term.
-A procedure for combining and analyzing data from many studies.

Accepted Answer

A)  inferential statistics
B)  effect size
C)  significance tests
D)  descriptive statistics
E)  meta-analysis

Question 14

Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote that "Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm." How would you frame this question in clear and concrete terms? Specify an operational definition for the major terms.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

A negative correlation means that:

Accepted Answer

A)   high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other.
B)   there is no relationship between the two variables.
C)   high values of one variable are associated with high values of the other.
D)   low values of one variable are associated with low values of the other.

Question 16

Professor Steegel wants to know how infants of different ages respond when left with a stranger. The most efficient approach to explore this topic would be to conduct a:

Accepted Answer

A)   naturalistic observation.
B)   series of case studies.
C)   laboratory observation.
D)   double-blind experiment.

Question 17

The Canadian Council for Animal Care (CCAC)  was established in what year?

Accepted Answer

A)   1956
B)   1963
C)   1936
D)   1923

Question 18

The authors recommend distrusting all statistics because statistics confuse and mislead.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Experiments yield descriptions of behaviour but cannot provide causal explanations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Dr. Benjamin Rush treated yellow fever by bloodletting. He attributed each recovery to the bloodletting and each death to the severity of the yellow fever. What rule of science did he violate?

Accepted Answer

A GOOD ANSWER WILL INCLUDE THE...

Exam 2: How Psychologists Do Research

Replication occurs when scientists repeat a study in order to verify or challenge its findings.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Benjamin Rush treated yellow fever by bloodletting. He attributed each recovery to the bloodletting and each death to the severity of the yellow fever. What rule of science did he violate?

Correct AnswerverifiedA GOOD ANSWER WILL INCLUDE THE...View AnswerShow Answer

Statistics can be manipulated, exaggerated, and misrepresented to promote a particular political or social agenda. Give two examples of how statistics can be misused and outline 4 helpful guidelines to ensure critical thinking when examining statistics.

Correct AnswerverifiedA GOOD ANSWER WILL INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING...View AnswerShow Answer

Experiments yield descriptions of behaviour but cannot provide causal explanations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match these descriptions with the appropriate research terms. -A controlled test in which the researcher manipulates one variable to discover its effect on another.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many psychologists have called for more field research because experimental studies:

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A variable that the experimenter predicts will be affected by her manipulations is called a/an:

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Psychologists follow a code of ethics that has been developed by the Tri-Council. Explain the Tri-Council code in regard to research with human subjects. What happens when participants must be misled about the true purpose of the study in order to make sure that their responses are natural?

Correct AnswerverifiedA GOOD ANSWER WILL INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING...View AnswerShow Answer

Match these definitions with the appropriate statistical term. -A procedure for combining and analyzing data from many studies.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Canadian Council for Animal Care (CCAC) was established in what year?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists follow a code of ethics that has been developed by the Tri-Council. Describe five reasons why psychologists study animals. Explain the Tri-Council code in regard to research with animal subjects. Why has animal research provoked angry disputes?

Correct AnswerverifiedA GOOD ANSWER WILL INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING...View AnswerShow Answer

Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote that "Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm." How would you frame this question in clear and concrete terms? Specify an operational definition for the major terms.

Correct AnswerverifiedA GOOD ANSWER WILL INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING...View AnswerShow Answer

The authors recommend distrusting all statistics because statistics confuse and mislead.

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An ideal scientist should:

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Professor Holden gives a psychology exam on the origins of intelligence. She gives a short answer question based on the IQ scores of a parent-child pair. In order to answer the question correctly, her students need to remember that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Steegel wants to know how infants of different ages respond when left with a stranger. The most efficient approach to explore this topic would be to conduct a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A negative correlation means that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match these descriptions with the appropriate term. -In an experiment, a comparison condition in which subjects are not exposed to the same treatment as in the experimental condition.

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As a result of controversy over the use of deception in research:

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Which of the following statements is NOT true?

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