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Exam 9: Developmental Theories: From Delinquency to Crime to Desistance

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Question 1

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Age-graded developmental theory might best be described as a biological theory of crime that is focused on adulthood.

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Question 2

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Which of the following theorists are credited with age-graded theory?

A) Gottfredson and Hirschi
B) Sampson and Laub
C) Shaw and McKay
D) Sykes and Matza

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Question 3

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Agnew's trait of irritability appears to be analogous with what most psychologists call _____.

Risk factors are static-they tend to remain stable over time,and in the presence or absence of other factors.

There are some societies in which juvenile delinquency does not occur.

List two risk factors of early-onset delinquency.

A person gets married,and it changes their life trajectory in a prosocial direction; Sampson and Laub would refer to this as a _____.

A/an _____ is something in individuals' personal characteristics or their environment that increase the probability of violent offending.

Life course persistent offenders vary their behavior considerably across different life situations.

One advantage of developmental theories is that they can identify characteristics that lead to onset/persistence/desistance of antisocial behavior in the same individuals.

The vast majority of offenders are:

Age-graded theory strongly emphasizes the predictive nature of individual traits over the potential impact of environmental factors or human agency.

Which of the following is not a life domain as identified by Robert Agnew?

The age at which excitatory transmitters start to decrease and the inhibitory transmitters start to increase,thus decreasing a person's propensity for antisocial behavior,is _____ years of age.

Describe "super traits theory." Why is it categorized as a developmental theory,and how is it different from the other developmental theories that you had learned about?

ADHD is more prevalent among males than females.

Developmental theorists tend to use what kind of experimental design in their research?

People who bond well with conventional others build social capital.

Developmental research in criminology is characterized by the use of convenience samples.

According to dual pathway developmental theory,the _____ that takes place between puberty and entry into the job market is characterized by an increased risk of delinquency.