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In order, the four stages of knowledge attainment an individual must pass through to achieve expertise are: novice, initiate, apprentice, journeyman.

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In middle adulthood, bone loss begins to outpace bone repair.

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Middle-aged adults who want to improve their diets should not only plan to eat healthy foods, but should also:


A) accept their genetic tendencies.
B) test for allergies to certain foods.
C) eliminate bad eating habits.
D) eat at the same times every day.

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_________________ hormone cycles mark the beginning of menopause.


A) Stability
B) Predictability
C) Fewer
D) Dysregulated

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When Dr. Pablo reviewed Anna's test results, he reported that she had _____________________ and told her that this was a sign of heart disease.


A) enlarged arteries
B) narrowed arteries
C) large arteries
D) small arteries

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Stress affects people differently. Middle-aged adults who _______________ stress are at great risk for heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.


A) absorb
B) reduce
C) avoid
D) treat

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The ages that correspond with middle adulthood are different between countries due to the fact that there are extreme differences in ___________________ between countries.


A) life stages
B) life expectancy
C) the lifespan
D) the life course

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Over ____ of middle-aged adults report feeling that most days are quite a bit or extremely stressful.


A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 70%
D) 90%

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According to findings from the Seattle Longitudinal Study, when different age groups are compared in a cross-sectional analysis, most cognitive abilities are highest in ________________ compared to middle adulthood.


A) adolescence
B) emerging adulthood
C) young adulthood
D) later adulthood

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In middle adulthood, hearing decline is:


A) absolute.
B) unavoidable.
C) slow.
D) fast.

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High allostatic load indicates that an individual has _________________ wear and tear.


A) avoided significant
B) avoided a small amount of
C) endured significant
D) avoided a small amount of.

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Elasticity of the skin changes due to decreased productivity in the __________ glands.


A) collagen
B) adrenal
C) exocrin
D) sebaceous

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Rates of obesity in adults _______________ from 1990 to 2010.


A) fluctuated
B) stayed the same
C) decreased
D) increased

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Other than fruits and vegetables, "What's on My Plate" guidelines for nutritious eating suggest each meal should include:


A) lean protein.
B) whole grain.
C) low-fat dairy.
D) any of the choices

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In middle adulthood, hair color changes are due to aging processes that produce _________________ melanin after each hair loss cycle.


A) less
B) more
C) lighter
D) darker

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When a middle-aged adult is concerned about changes in her skin, there is no need to seek medical attention.

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Health prior to midlife completely determines the health of an individual through middle adulthood.

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Following the principle, "last to develop, first to disappear" adults who lose more brain volume in middle adulthood are most likely to show declines in:


A) regulatory functions.
B) executive functioning skills.
C) language.
D) creativity.

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Middle adulthood refers to the midpoint of one's life expectancy, the average number of years a person can expect to live.

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There are gender differences in reproductive changes in middle adulthood.

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