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Differences in government-mandated product standards can rule out mass production and marketing of a standardized product.

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What is meant by a marketing mix? Briefly describe how a firm configures its marketing mix.

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Marketing mix is a term that describes t...

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Describe how economic development influences product attributes.

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Consumer behavior is influenced by the l...

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Which retail system has many retailers, no one of which has a major share of the market?


A) Concentrated
B) Fragmented
C) Focused
D) Consolidated
E) Exclusive

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When the retail sector is very concentrated:


A) it is more expensive for a firm to make contact with each individual retailer.
B) it makes sense for a firm to deal directly with retailers, cutting out wholesalers.
C) a relatively large sales force is required to deal with the retail sector.
D) the channels of distribution tend to be long.
E) the growth of wholesalers is promoted.

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Which strategy refers to the means that a firm chooses for delivering a product to its consumer?


A) Pull
B) Distribution
C) Push
D) Communication
E) Pricing

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Which of the following is true of the influence of economic development on consumer preferences?


A) The level of economic development does not impact consumer preferences as much as cultural difference does.
B) Firms based in highly developed countries do not build extra performance attributes into their products.
C) Consumers in less developed nations demand to have extra attributes built into products.
D) Consumers in developed countries are often willing to sacrifice their preferred attributes for lower prices.
E) Consumers in developed nations are willing to pay more for products that have additional features customized to their tastes.

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Which of the following refers to identifying distinct groups of consumers whose needs, wants, and purchasing behavior differ from others in important ways?


A) Market penetration
B) Market development
C) Market segmentation
D) Product development
E) Diversification

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A global marketing strategy that views the world's consumers as similar in their preferences is consistent with the mass production of a standardized output.

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Which of the following factors creates a potential market for new products?


A) Rising inflation
B) Affluent consumers
C) Lack of competition among firms
D) Firms suffering from first-mover disadvantages
E) Declining demand

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The members of a cross-functional team should have:


A) low standing within their respective functions.
B) the ability to put functional and national advocacy first.
C) the ability to contribute functional expertise.
D) the ability to solely focus on the ongoing work of their respective functions.
E) the ability to work on several projects simultaneously.

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Which of the following is a drawback of longer distribution channels?


A) Higher selling costs in a fragmented retail sector
B) The inability to enter exclusive distribution channels
C) Lower selling costs in a concentrated retail sector
D) Lower product prices
E) Greater aggregate markups

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In terms of communication strategy, which of the following refers to the situation when the receiver of a message evaluates the message based on the status or image of the sender?


A) Source effects
B) Noise levels
C) Cultural barriers
D) Pull strategy
E) Push strategy

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Pull strategies tend to be emphasized:


A) for complex new products.
B) for consumer goods.
C) for industrial goods.
D) when distribution channels are short.
E) when few print or electronic media are available.

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In terms of channel length, the more fragmented the retail system, the less expensive it is for a firm to make contact with each individual retailer.

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Firms in consumer goods industries that are trying to sell to a large segment of the market generally favor a push strategy.

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With regard to communication strategies, what is the difference between a push and a pull strategy?

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The main decision with regard to communi...

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Which of the following is true of Theodore Levitt's arguments concerning the globalization of world markets?


A) Modern transportation is facilitating a convergence of tastes and preferences among consumers in advanced countries of the world.
B) Academics feel that Levitt understates his case concerning global markets and the fall of multinational corporations.
C) Globalization, in the sense used by Levitt, is the rule in consumer goods markets and industrial markets.
D) Levitt's arguments hold true with respect to consumer goods markets but not for basic industrial products.
E) As observed by Levitt, multinational corporations do not tailor their products to suit different countries.

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In terms of factors influencing product attributes, the impact of tradition is particularly important in foodstuffs and beverages.

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When managers in an international business consider market segmentation in foreign countries, they need to be cognizant of the differences between countries in the structure of market segments.

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