Exam 11: Biology of Cancer

A) By vasodilation and increased permeability that alter cellular response to DNA damage
B) By liberating lysosomal enzymes when cells are damaged,which initiates mutations
C) By releasing compounds such as reactive oxygen species that promote mutations
D) By increasing the abundance of leukotrienes that are associated with some cancers

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A) They invade local tissues.
B) They spread through lymph.
C) They cause systemic symptoms.
D) They have a low mitotic index.

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D

A) dysplasiA.
B) hyperplasia.
C) myoplasia.
D) anaplasia.

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A) Hormones,enzymes,antigens,and antibodies produced by cancer cells
B) Receptor sites on tumor cells that can be identified and marked
C) Cytokines produced against cancer cells
D) Identification marks used in administering radiation therapy

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A) Proto-oncogenes are changed to oncogenes.
B) The tumor suppressor gene is turned off.
C) Genetic amplification causes the growth.
D) Chromosomes 9 and 21 are fused.

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A) Ovarian
B) Uterine
C) Cervical
D) Vaginal

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A) Women over 45 years
B) Women who never had children
C) Women who had a high body mass index
D) Woman who smoked for more than 10 years

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A) Because each allele must be altered and each person has two copies,or alleles,of each gene,one from each parent
B) Because the first "hit" stops tissue growth and the second "hit" is needed to cause abnormal tissue growth
C) Because they are larger than proto-oncogenes requiring two "hits" to effect carcinogenesis
D) Because the first "hit" is insufficient to cause sufficient damage to cause a mutation

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A

A) Papovaviruses,adenoviruses,and herpesviruses
B) Retroviruses,papovaviruses,and adenoviruses
C) Adenoviruses,herpesviruses,and retroviruses
D) Herpesviruses,retroviruses,and papovaviruses

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A) Cells have broken through the local basement membrane.
B) Cells have invaded immediate surrounding tissue.
C) Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells.
D) Cellular and tissues changes indicate dysplasia.

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A) Loss of differentiation
B) Cancer cells secrete growth factor for their own growth
C) Cells that vary in size and shape
D) Unaltered normal allele
E) Responsible for maintenance of genomic integrity

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A) Skin,lung,and pancreatic
B) Colon,liver,and lung
C) Bone,blood cells,and pancreatic
D) Bladder,skin,and kidney

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A) Alcohol
B) Steroids
C) Antihistamines
D) Antidepressants

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A

A) Loss of differentiation
B) Cancer cells secrete growth factor for their own growth
C) Cells that vary in size and shape
D) Unaltered normal allele
E) Responsible for maintenance of genomic integrity

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A) Loss of differentiation
B) Cancer cells secrete growth factor for their own growth
C) Cells that vary in size and shape
D) Unaltered normal allele
E) Responsible for maintenance of genomic integrity

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A) Proto-oncogenes
B) Oncogenes
C) Tumor suppressor genes
D) Growth promoting genes

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A) autosomal recessive gene inheritance.
B) spontaneous gene mutations.
C) X-linked recessive gene inheritance.
D) autosomal dominant gene inheritance.

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