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Exam 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior

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Question 1

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When Dr. Smith attempts to determine the reasons for female defendants being rated more leniently than male defendants, he is attempting to _____ behavior.

A) describe
B) predict
C) assess
D) explain

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Question 2

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The fundamental characteristic of the scientific approach is:

A) intuition.
B) authority.
C) falsifiability.
D) empiricism.

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Question 3

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_____ is the process by which scientists with expertise in a particular field assess a study before it is published in a top-quality scientific journal.

A major area of applied research that assesses the social reforms and innovations that occur in government, industry, and mental health settings is called _____.

The statement, "The average IQ score of children in the Central School District is 108" helps _____ behavior.

You have just read an article in a popular magazine that stated, "People who jog live longer than people who don't jog." As a scientist, you would probably:

A researcher finds that people who own more than two cars have bigger homes, more garage space, and make more money than people who own only one or two cars. Therefore, the researcher concludes that having more than two cars causes people to have homes with bigger garages. According to Cook and Campbell's types of evidence, the researcher failed to eliminate:

Identify the primary role of reviewers involved in peer review.

Which of the following journal-article titles most likely represents an applied research study?

Which of the following is a characteristic of scientific inquiry as described by Goodstein's evolved theory of science?

Identify a true statement about basic and applied research.

_____ is the idea that knowledge is based on observations.

Which of the following journal-article titles is an example of basic research?

The statement, "Participants in quiet environments score consistently higher on math achievement tests than participants in noisy environments" is an example of _____ behavior.

An empirical approach to science requires that:

The statement, "The different eating habits of obese and non-obese persons are caused by physiological factors" is an example of _____ behavior.

A claim without a scientific base that a product or procedure will enhance a person's memory, relieve depression, or treat autism or post-traumatic stress disorder, is an example of _____.

Which of the following characterizes pseudoscience?

Good scientific ideas are testable. They can be supported or they can be disproved by data, which is called _____.

In order to conclude that watching television violence gives rise to aggressive behavior in children, researchers need to show that children who watch television violence behave aggressively and that children who do not watch television violence do not behave aggressively. This is called elimination of _____.