Exam 20: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

A) droplets
B) ticks
C) lice
D) fleas
E) flies

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A) prion
B) fungus
C) virus
D) protozoan
E) bacterium

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A) The virus attaches to host cells with CD4 receptors.
B) PCR is the primary technique for detecting HIV in blood.
C) The viral DNA integrates into the host DNA.
D) The virus becomes latent in host cells.
E) The virus can enter into nervous tissues and cause abnormalities.

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A) lymphocytes in the blood
B) lymph nodes
C) the blood-brain barrier
D) fever

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A) using bed nets sprayed with insecticide.
B) eliminating standing water.
C) taking prophylactic drugs.
D) using genetically engineered mosquitoes.
E) All of the choices are correct.

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A) Blood clotting is disrupted in an infection with these viruses.
B) They are filoviruses.
C) There is currently no effective treatment for infected individuals.
D) They transmitted by direct contact with body fluids from affected individuals.
E) The viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes.

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A) Its symptoms include fever, swollen lymph nodes, ulcerative lesions, conjunctivitis, and pneumonia.
B) It is a zoonosis.
C) It is sometimes called rabbit fever.
D) The causative agent is a gram-positive bacterium.
E) It is transmitted by arthropod vectors.

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A) septic form historically called the Black Death.
B) bubonic form in which swollen lesions termed buboes develop.
C) pneumonic form that manifests as a respiratory disease.
D) All of the choices are correct.

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A) In contrast to veins, arteries have higher blood pressure, more tissue layers, and are thinner vessels.
B) Connective tissue and muscle fibers are found in the layers of tissue surrounding both arteries and veins.
C) Capillaries have only a single layer of endothelium, rendering them fragile and leaky during an infection with a hemorrhagic fever virus.
D) Blood vessels are often found in parallel with lymphatic vessels.

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A) The virus has a 30-50 day incubation period.
B) The virus is transmitted by direct oral contact and saliva.
C) An infection typically requires hospitalization for about a week.
D) An infection results in sudden leukocytosis.
E) Transmission has been documented through contaminated blood transfusions and organ transplants.

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A) Antibodies to HIV antigens formed in response to HIV infection appear within a few weeks of infection and remain high through latency and AIDS.
B) CD4 T cells are present in low numbers in an uninfected individual, but become elevated upon HIV infection, and ultimately fall to very low numbers (<200 cells/ml) as the infection progresses to AIDS.
C) Viral antigens can be detected at high levels in the blood within days following infection, then their numbers fall dramatically during a latent period and rise again when AIDS symptoms occur.
D) An HIV-positive individual in the latency phase can be distinguished from an uninfected individual by the presence of antibodies to HIV antigens in their blood.

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A) Bacillus anthracis produces antioxidants to combat lysosomes.
B) Coxiella burnetii produces an endospore-like structure.
C) Trypanosoma cruzi cloaks itself in host proteins to avoid immune recognition.
D) Borrelia burgdorferi changes its surface antigens to avoid immune recognition.

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A) it is a rare infection.
B) infections are usually asymptomatic.
C) infection is generally only seen in late-stage AIDS patients.
D) health care workers haven't been trained to detect it.

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A) inoculating blood agar with a sample of the patient's blood.
B) performing a Kirby-Bauer assay on a sample of the patient's blood.
C) sending a blood sample to the CDC laboratories in Atlanta.
D) centrifugation of the blood to separate cells and plasma.

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A) a zoonosis.
B) transmitted by contact, inhalation, or ingestion.
C) a disease that, in humans, can cause a rapidly fatal toxemia and septicemia.
D) only seen sporadically in the United States.
E) All of the choices are correct.

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