Question 1

The polymerase chain reaction requires endonuclease to cut samples of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

ELISA tests use a fluorescent dye as a label to trace antigen-antibody reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Serological testing relies upon

Accepted Answer

A)   the specificity of the Fc region of antibodies.
B)   a patient who is not immunocompromised.
C)   the specificity of the variable regions of antibodies.
D)   a very high viral or bacterial load in the patient.

Question 4

Which statement about clinical identification tests is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Microarray tests are based on electrophoresis methodology.
B)   Serological tests are always based on identifying antibodies in the patient.
C)   Biochemical tests are quicker than genetic analysis tests.
D)   Not all diseases are identified by clinical tests.

Question 5

The polymerase chain reaction can be used for identification of

Accepted Answer

A)   microorganisms.
B)   antibodies in the patient's serum.
C)   growth characteristics of microorganisms.
D)   proteins.

Question 6

Technology has introduced a range of specific,rapid tests for identifying and diagnosing infectious disease.While culturing a pathogen from a patient is always advantageous,what disadvantage(s) exist for traditional diagnostic techniques?

Accepted Answer

A)   The isolated organism is not the pathogen causing the disease.
B)   Critically ill patients may have to wait up to 48 hours for a culture to grow.
C)   Certain pathogens are not able to be cultured in vitro.
D)   Some diseases are caused by more than one organism.
E)   All of the above are valid arguments against traditional diagnostic techniques.

Question 7

When antibodies or other substances in serum cross-react with the test reagents,a false positive result can occur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The VRDL test detects ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Salmonella
B)   Rickettsia
C)   syphilis
D)   Candida

Question 9

Your daughter probably has strep throat caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.The traditional method of diagnosis involves culturing on blood agar,but this process is time consuming.Your doctor wants a more rapid identification of the infectious agent using a specimen directly obtained from the patient's throat.He would prefer to use a test that can be read in his office without having to culture and isolate the organism.He would likely choose the

Accepted Answer

A)   immunochromatographic test.
B)   Western Blot test.
C)   direct fluorescence test.
D)   pulse-field gel electrophoresis.

Question 10

Phenotypic testing is often beneficial in identifying infectious agents from patient samples; however,some disadvantages include

Accepted Answer

A)   organisms must be grown on the same culture media so it is difficult to distinguish them from each other.
B)   lengthy culturing times and the inability to grow some bacteria in vitro.
C)   difficulty in identifying motile organisms.
D)   non-specificity of some biochemical tests since all pathogens utilize the same substrate as a fuel source.

Question 11

Which sample is not collected by sterile needle aspiration?

Accepted Answer

A)   Blood
B)   Urine
C)   Cerebrospinal fluid
D)   Tissue fluids
E)   All of the choices are collected by sterile needle aspiration.

Question 12

Specimen collection

Accepted Answer

A)   does not require special handling.
B)   must be done under sterile conditions.
C)   is always done by a medical professional.
D)   must utilize aseptic techniques.

Question 13

Titer is the amount of _____ in serum.

Accepted Answer

A)   antibody
B)   antigen
C)   WBC
D)   memory cells
E)   complement

Question 14

Biochemical tests include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)   gas production tests.
B)   sugar fermentation tests.
C)   antibiotic sensitivity tests.
D)   ribotyping tests.
E)   tests for the presence of specific enzymes. D

Question 15

Scanning the whole genome of every infectious agent in a patient sample and comparing that to known genome sequences maintained in libraries would be the most accurate and efficient way to diagnose disease.We are moving closer to this becoming a reality largely because

Accepted Answer

A)   gene libraries have greater accessibility.
B)   more people are being trained in high throughput genetic analysis.
C)   multiple organisms have the same genome so it will minimize the number of screenings necessary.
D)   the cost of high throughput genetic analysis has plummeted in recent years and continues to decrease.

Question 16

A method of identification using immobilized,known antigens to identify unknown antibodies and vice versa,where the presence of the agent being tested for immediately brings about a color change is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   ELISA
B)   Western blotting
C)   immunochromatography
D)   radioimmunoassay

Question 17

The gene that codes for the bacterial 16s RNA molecule is highly conserved across species,but also contains hypervariable regions that are highly species-specific.FISH analysis of rRNA is beneficial because

Accepted Answer

A)   it can narrow down the list of potential infectious organisms to three or four.
B)   it is much cheaper than traditional analytical methods.
C)   it can precisely identify the 16s sequences from patient samples without the lag time it takes to culture the organism.
D)   it incorporates both direct testing and serological testing for added accuracy.

Question 18

The ELISA test has been used as the most common,rapid screening test for HIV infection.Its sensitivity is very high but its specificity is rather low (for an important identification test) .Which statement describes this accurately?

Accepted Answer

A)   Only certain kinds of instruments can be used to pick up the small amounts of fluorescence given off in the ELISA.
B)   The test can identify the patient's antibody to HIV only when it is large quantities.
C)   A false positive test result may develop due to the test antigens capturing normal antibodies.
D)   The patient's specimen has to be handled in a certain way to maintain the integrity of the viral DNA. C

Question 19

The ELISA is commonly used for diagnosing salmonellosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which test is the confirming test for people who initially tested antibody-positive in the screening ELISA test?

Accepted Answer

A)   Radioimmunoassay (RI
A)  
B)   Quellung test
C)   Immunelectrophoresis
D)   Ouchterlony double diffusion
E)   Western blot E

Exam 17: Diagnosing Infections

The polymerase chain reaction requires endonuclease to cut samples of DNA.

Correct Answer
verified

ELISA tests use a fluorescent dye as a label to trace antigen-antibody reactions.

Correct Answer
verified

Serological testing relies upon

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement about clinical identification tests is true?

Correct Answer
verified

The polymerase chain reaction can be used for identification of

Correct Answer
verified

Technology has introduced a range of specific,rapid tests for identifying and diagnosing infectious disease.While culturing a pathogen from a patient is always advantageous,what disadvantage(s) exist for traditional diagnostic techniques?

Correct Answer
verified

When antibodies or other substances in serum cross-react with the test reagents,a false positive result can occur.

Correct Answer
verified

The VRDL test detects ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Phenotypic testing is often beneficial in identifying infectious agents from patient samples; however,some disadvantages include

Correct Answer
verified

Which sample is not collected by sterile needle aspiration?

Correct Answer
verified

Specimen collection

Correct Answer
verified

Titer is the amount of _____ in serum.

Correct Answer
verified

Biochemical tests include all of the following except

Correct Answer
verified
D

Scanning the whole genome of every infectious agent in a patient sample and comparing that to known genome sequences maintained in libraries would be the most accurate and efficient way to diagnose disease.We are moving closer to this becoming a reality largely because

Correct Answer
verified

A method of identification using immobilized,known antigens to identify unknown antibodies and vice versa,where the presence of the agent being tested for immediately brings about a color change is called ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The gene that codes for the bacterial 16s RNA molecule is highly conserved across species,but also contains hypervariable regions that are highly species-specific.FISH analysis of rRNA is beneficial because

Correct Answer
verified

The ELISA test has been used as the most common,rapid screening test for HIV infection.Its sensitivity is very high but its specificity is rather low (for an important identification test) .Which statement describes this accurately?

Correct Answer
verified
C

The ELISA is commonly used for diagnosing salmonellosis.

Correct Answer
verified

Which test is the confirming test for people who initially tested antibody-positive in the screening ELISA test?

Correct Answer
verified
E

Exam 17: Diagnosing Infections

The polymerase chain reaction requires endonuclease to cut samples of DNA.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

ELISA tests use a fluorescent dye as a label to trace antigen-antibody reactions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Serological testing relies upon

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about clinical identification tests is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The polymerase chain reaction can be used for identification of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Technology has introduced a range of specific,rapid tests for identifying and diagnosing infectious disease.While culturing a pathogen from a patient is always advantageous,what disadvantage(s) exist for traditional diagnostic techniques?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When antibodies or other substances in serum cross-react with the test reagents,a false positive result can occur.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The VRDL test detects ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Phenotypic testing is often beneficial in identifying infectious agents from patient samples; however,some disadvantages include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which sample is not collected by sterile needle aspiration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Specimen collection

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Titer is the amount of _____ in serum.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biochemical tests include all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Scanning the whole genome of every infectious agent in a patient sample and comparing that to known genome sequences maintained in libraries would be the most accurate and efficient way to diagnose disease.We are moving closer to this becoming a reality largely because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A method of identification using immobilized,known antigens to identify unknown antibodies and vice versa,where the presence of the agent being tested for immediately brings about a color change is called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The gene that codes for the bacterial 16s RNA molecule is highly conserved across species,but also contains hypervariable regions that are highly species-specific.FISH analysis of rRNA is beneficial because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ELISA test has been used as the most common,rapid screening test for HIV infection.Its sensitivity is very high but its specificity is rather low (for an important identification test) .Which statement describes this accurately?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The ELISA is commonly used for diagnosing salmonellosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which test is the confirming test for people who initially tested antibody-positive in the screening ELISA test?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

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D

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C

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E