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Exam 3: Perception and Learning in Organizations

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Question 1

True/False

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The only way to know whether an employee has learned something is if there is a relatively permanent change in the employee's behavior.

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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Co-workers no longer praise you when you engage in dangerous pranks, so you stop engaging in these pranks.This is an example of

A) negative reinforcement.
B) punishment.
C) positive reinforcement.
D) avoidance learning.
E) extinction.

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E

Question 3

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Mental models are __________ that guide perceptions and behavior.

After discovering the cause of a computer network problem, Jessie rewards herself by taking a coffee break.Jessie's action of taking a break is an example of:

Stereotyping is partly responsible for prejudice and discrimination.

Receiving a commission only when a sale is made represents:

A person's social identity is a complex combination of his or her memberships in many groups.

NuGas Corp.has just sent a dozen (mostly white male) managers from Germany to its exploration site in a remote area of Indonesia.Few of these managers have worked with Indonesian employees, so the company has asked you to design an on-site one-day experiential training program to help these managers to minimize perceptual problems that might otherwise occur.The program must be experiential (i.e.participants interact with each other rather than attend an awareness lecture) and the activities must help the managers to discover biases that may be hidden or unknown to them.Describe the key features of this training program and discuss its conceptual foundations.

Seeing a trend in a sequence of sales figures involves the process of categorical thinking.

Which of the following perceptual activities involves making inferences about the causes of a person's actions?

The recency effect has occurred when a person's annual performance evaluation is heavily influenced by performance results over the last month.

One of the most effective ways to minimize negative self-fulfilling prophecy is to make managers aware of the power of positive expectations.

_______ is the mostly unconscious process of organizing people and objects into preconceived categories that are stored in our long-term memory.

The halo effect occurs when one characteristic of a person shapes our general impression of that person which, in turn, biases our perceptions about the other characteristics of that person.

When supervisors create a positive self-fulfilling prophecy, they tend to change employee behavior by:

People who learn to empathize with others are less likely to engage in attribution errors.

The first step in a self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when the observer acts differently towards people with whom he or she has high expectations than towards those with whom he or she has low expectations.

Companies with a strong learning orientation warn employees that mistakes will not be tolerated.

Tacit knowledge is mainly learned through observation and experience.

Which of the following statements about stereotyping is FALSE?