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In order to make useful predictions,which factors must be accounted for by climatic models? I.Aerosol Emissions II.Land Use III.Solar Irradiance


A) II only
B) II and III only
C) I and III only
D) I,II,and III only

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Find the molar mass of ethanol,C2H6O.


A) 29.02 g/mol
B) 45.06 g/mol
C) 46.07 g/mol
D) 110.0 g/mol

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Which occurrences or processes are expected to reduce the level of atmospheric carbon? I.Decaying plant and animal remains II.The growth of trees III.Formation of carbonate rock in the ocean IV.Animal respiration


A) I and II only
B) II and III only
C) III and IV only
D) I and IV only

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Although coal is a complex mixture of substances,its elemental composition can be approximated by the formula C135H96O9NS.Using this formula,predict the amount of CO2 released from the combustion of 1.00 × 106 metric tons of coal (about the annual average for a coal-fired power plant) .1 metric ton = 1 × 103 kg


A) 3.66 × 109 kg
B) 3.11 × 109 kg
C) 8.50 × 108 kg
D) 3.11 × 105 kg

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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued a report in 2007 that attached probabilities to the predictions and statements made.Which prediction/statement was considered "Very Unlikely"?


A) Human-caused emissions are the main factor causing warming since 1950.
B) Arctic sea ice thickness declined about 40% during late summer to early autumn in recent decades
C) The observed warming over the past 100 years is due solely to climatic variability.
D) In most of the areas in the Northern Hemisphere,precipitation has increased

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Predict the geometry of nitrous oxide,N2O (atomic order NO) .


A) linear
B) bent
C) trigonal pyramidal
D) trigonal planar

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Octane (C8H18) is one of the principal components of gasoline.How many moles of CO2 are produced during the combustion of 3.0 mol of octane? Unbalanced equation: C8H18 + O2 → CO2 + H2O


A) 3.0
B) 8.0
C) 24
D) 26

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What is the coefficient for oxygen in the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of heptane (C7H16) ? Unbalanced equation: C7H16 + O2 → CO2 + H2O


A) 11
B) 8
C) 7
D) 1

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Hydrogen gas (H2) is a promising alternative to fossil fuels.How many molecules are present in 1.0 kg of hydrogen gas?


A) 3.0 × 1023
B) 6.0 × 1023
C) 3.0 × 1026
D) 6.0 × 1026

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Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a greenhouse gas.Why is O3 not assigned a Global Warming Potential (GWP) ?


A) Ozone molecules absorb only low energy infrared frequencies.
B) Ozone molecules have a low molecular weight.
C) Tropospheric ozone concentrations are not changed by human activity.
D) Ozone has a relatively short lifetime in the troposphere and its distribution is not uniform around the worlD.

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Forcings are


A) geological changes that promote volcanic eruptions.
B) mechanisms for sequestering CO2 endorsed by signers of the Kyoto Protocol.
C) factors that affect the annual global mean surface temperature.
D) changes in geographical distribution of plant,animal,and insect species brought on by climate change.

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In their fourth and most recent report published in 2007,the vast majority of scientists agreed on several key points.Which of the following is NOT one of those points?


A) If the rate of greenhouse gas emissions is not curtailed,our water resources,food supply,and even our health will suffer.
B) Human activities (primarily the combustion of fossil fuels and deforestation) are responsible for much of the recent warming.
C) The Earth is getting warmer.
D) All of the above were mentioned as key points.

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Which atmospheric component does not contribute to global warming?


A) H2O
B) CO2
C) N2
D) O3

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Which of the following is NOT a likely consequence of increased carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere?


A) Sea ice disappearance
B) Sea-level rise
C) Changes in ocean chemistry
D) Increase in biodiversity

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What is the yearly change in the carbon dioxide concentration in the Earth's atmosphere?


A) +1.5 ppm
B) +6.5 ppm
C) -1.5 ppm
D) 0 ppm

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The greenhouse effect refers to the process by which


A) atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen absorb heat radiated by Earth.
B) atmospheric nitrogen absorbs ultraviolet radiation radiated by Earth
C) atmospheric gases trap and return infrared radiation radiated by Earth.
D) greenhouse gases absorb ultraviolet radiation from the Sun,warming the molecules.

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Ethanol (C2H6O) is a common intoxicant and fuel produced from the fermentation of various grains.How many moles of ethanol are represented by 50.0 kg of ethanol?


A) 1.09 × 103 mol
B) 46.1 mol
C) 9.00 mol
D) 1.09 mol

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How many atoms are present in 0.375 mol of palladium (Pd) atoms?


A) 1.61 × 1024
B) 6.02 × 1023
C) 2.26 × 1023
D) 2.12 × 1021

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Which process plays the most important role in the greenhouse effect?


A) Energy from the sun is reflected back into the atmosphere.
B) Energy from the sun is absorbed by the earth.
C) Energy from the sun is absorbed by the atmosphere.
D) Energy radiated by the earth is absorbed by the atmosphere.

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Which of the following are ways that aerosols may affect climate?


A) Scattering incoming radiation
B) Nucleation of clouds
C) Absorbing incoming radiation
D) All of the above

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