Question 1

Use the following information to answer Questions 
A scientific study looked at the effect of tanning beds on DNA damage. The scientists took skin cells and exposed them to UV radiation (the type used in indoor tanning beds)  for different lengths of time: some for 1 minute, some for 5 minutes, some for 15 minutes, and some for 30 minutes. They then looked for signs of DNA damage and compared the results to cells that had never been exposed to UV light.
-What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)   the number of skin cells
B)   the type of light
C)   the length of time the cells are exposed to UV light
D)   the untreated cells
E)   the amount of DNA damage in the cells

Question 2

What are the criteria for a good hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   It must be realistic and have only one possible result.
B)   It must have only one possible result and be peer reviewed.
C)   It must be based on anecdotal evidence and be testable.
D)   It must be based on peer-reviewed journal articles and be realistic.
E)   It must be testable and falsifiable.

Question 3

A hypothesis is a statement that

Accepted Answer

A)   can be changed throughout the experiment.
B)   can be avidly accepted by scientists.
C)   can be tested and proven true.
D)   can be tested and proven false.
E)   precedes a theory.

Question 4

Statistical significance

Accepted Answer

A)   indicates a high likelihood that your results are due to your treatment versus due to chance.
B)   is more likely to be reliable if you have a small sample size versus a large sample size.
C)   is a requirement of the data from a scientific experiment.
D)   indicates that the hypothesis should be rejected.
E)   depends on large data sets.

Question 5

You read an article in the newspaper that says people who consume large amounts of red meat show an increased risk of having a heart attack.Is it correct,then,to say that red meat causes heart attacks? Why or why not? If not,what would be an appropriate conclusion?

Accepted Answer

No,you cannot say that red mea...

Question 6

A controlled experiment describes the use of

Accepted Answer

A)   separate control and experimental groups.
B)   precise measurements.
C)   accurate and careful measurements.
D)   more than one variable changing separately.
E)   careful testing of the hypothesis. A

Question 7

To differentiate between a simple correlation and causation,researchers often divide subjects into treatment and control groups and follow them for a number of years to see if one group has a higher incidence of disease than the other group.What is this type of study called?

Accepted Answer

A randomiz...

Question 8

Scientific studies involving a subjectively assessed benefit (i.e.,caffeine and enhanced memory recall) can be complicated by

Accepted Answer

A)   too few observations.
B)   improper controls.
C)   poor subject selection.
D)   side effects from the drug.
E)   All of the above.

Question 9

A significant result from a scientific study indicates

Accepted Answer

A)   a statistical error.
B)   it occurred by chance.
C)   a positive result.
D)   a negative result.
E)   a non-random result.

Question 10

Scientific journals send out potential articles to other scientists working in the same research area,and those scientists make comments regarding the research.This is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   jurisprudence.
B)   peer rebuttal.
C)   journalistic integrity.
D)   journalistic license.
E)   peer review.

Question 11

Studies involving coffee drinking have shown

Accepted Answer

A)   a link to pancreatic cancer.
B)   no link to pancreatic cancer.
C)   a link to infertility.
D)   a lowering of the incidence of ovarian cancer.
E)   All of the above.

Question 12

In several reported incidents,local school boards have insisted that biology texts have a stamp placed inside that states that "Evolution is a theory." To their surprise,most science faculty have not objected to this language.Explain how each group interprets the statement that "Evolution is a theory."

Accepted Answer

In everyday usage,the word theory has co...

Question 13

Evidence that is not based on systematic scientific study is known as ____ evidence.

Accepted Answer

A)   empirical
B)   causational
C)   anecdotal
D)   logical
E)   statistical

Question 14

The scientific process from beginning to end can be outlined as:

Accepted Answer

A)   hypothesize, test, analyze, and conclude.
B)   observe, hypothesize, test, analyze, and conclude.
C)   observe, question, test, analyze, and conclude.
D)   Hypothesize, test, analyze, and conclude.
E)   observe, test, hypothesize, analyze, and conclude.

Question 15

A hypothesis is

Accepted Answer

A)   an idea that has been rigorously tested and never been disproven.
B)   an idea that has been rigorously tested and only been disproven a few times.
C)   an idea that can be tested and falsified.
D)   an opinion.
E)   an idea based on a person's experience or knowledge.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cells come from pre-existing cells.
B)   Objects are attracted to one another by gravity.
C)   A hypothesis supported by results from an experiment with 3,000 subjects.
D)   All life forms are related to each other through common ancestry.
E)   The universe was created from a large cosmic explosion.

Question 17

Which sample group would give the most statistically significant data?

Accepted Answer

A)   10 individual mice each tested once
B)   one mouse tested 10 times
C)   one pig
D)   five pigs each tested five times
E)   one mouse tested 100 times

Question 18

Some side effects of caffeine are

Accepted Answer

A)   vomiting.
B)   fevers.
C)   confusion.
D)   fever.
E)   All of the above. E

Question 19

A small sample size

Accepted Answer

A)   will likely yield a high degree of statistical significance.
B)   is unacceptable in scientific studies.
C)   is usually a benefit to researchers.
D)   does not allow the use of dependent and independent variables.
E)   None of the above.

Question 20

Which published scientific data would be most reliable?

Accepted Answer

A)   A local daily newspaper
B)   A website
C)   A drug company's clinical trial results
D)   A popular scientific magazine
E)   A peer-reviewed scientific journal E

Exam 1: The Process of Science Java Report

Correct Answer
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What are the criteria for a good hypothesis?

Correct Answer
verified

A hypothesis is a statement that

Correct Answer
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Statistical significance

Correct Answer
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You read an article in the newspaper that says people who consume large amounts of red meat show an increased risk of having a heart attack.Is it correct,then,to say that red meat causes heart attacks? Why or why not? If not,what would be an appropriate conclusion?

Correct Answer
verified
No,you cannot say that red mea...
View Answer

A controlled experiment describes the use of

Correct Answer
verified
A

To differentiate between a simple correlation and causation,researchers often divide subjects into treatment and control groups and follow them for a number of years to see if one group has a higher incidence of disease than the other group.What is this type of study called?

Correct Answer
verified
A randomiz...
View Answer

Scientific studies involving a subjectively assessed benefit (i.e.,caffeine and enhanced memory recall) can be complicated by

Correct Answer
verified

A significant result from a scientific study indicates

Correct Answer
verified

Scientific journals send out potential articles to other scientists working in the same research area,and those scientists make comments regarding the research.This is known as

Correct Answer
verified

Studies involving coffee drinking have shown

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
In everyday usage,the word theory has co...
View Answer

Evidence that is not based on systematic scientific study is known as ____ evidence.

Correct Answer
verified

The scientific process from beginning to end can be outlined as:

Correct Answer
verified

A hypothesis is

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT a scientific theory?

Correct Answer
verified

Which sample group would give the most statistically significant data?

Correct Answer
verified

Some side effects of caffeine are

Correct Answer
verified
E

A small sample size

Correct Answer
verified

Which published scientific data would be most reliable?

Correct Answer
verified
E

Exam 1: The Process of Science Java Report

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the criteria for a good hypothesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A hypothesis is a statement that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Statistical significance

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You read an article in the newspaper that says people who consume large amounts of red meat show an increased risk of having a heart attack.Is it correct,then,to say that red meat causes heart attacks? Why or why not? If not,what would be an appropriate conclusion?

Correct AnswerverifiedNo,you cannot say that red mea...View AnswerShow Answer

A controlled experiment describes the use of

Correct AnswerverifiedA

To differentiate between a simple correlation and causation,researchers often divide subjects into treatment and control groups and follow them for a number of years to see if one group has a higher incidence of disease than the other group.What is this type of study called?

Correct AnswerverifiedA randomiz...View AnswerShow Answer

Scientific studies involving a subjectively assessed benefit (i.e.,caffeine and enhanced memory recall) can be complicated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A significant result from a scientific study indicates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientific journals send out potential articles to other scientists working in the same research area,and those scientists make comments regarding the research.This is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies involving coffee drinking have shown

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedIn everyday usage,the word theory has co...View AnswerShow Answer

Evidence that is not based on systematic scientific study is known as ____ evidence.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The scientific process from beginning to end can be outlined as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A hypothesis is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a scientific theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which sample group would give the most statistically significant data?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some side effects of caffeine are

Correct AnswerverifiedE

A small sample size

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which published scientific data would be most reliable?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

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No,you cannot say that red mea...
View Answer

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A

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A randomiz...
View Answer

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
In everyday usage,the word theory has co...
View Answer

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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E

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Correct Answer
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E