Question 1

During World War II, Skinner

Accepted Answer

A)  served in the Naval Air Force as a fighter pilot.
B)  trained pigeons to pilot missiles into enemy targets.
C)  worked in a VA hospital as a psychotherapist.
D)  made an unsuccessful attempt to become a U.S.senator.

Question 2

For humans, playing slot machines best illustrates the influence of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous
B)  fixed-ratio
C)  variable-ratio
D)  fixed-interval

Question 3

Skinner saw the psychotherapist as a

Accepted Answer

A)  controlling agent.
B)  punitive authority figure.
C)  major source of knowledge about human behavior.
D)  necessary component of scientific psychology.
E)  medical specialist.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a principal characteristic of science, according to Skinner?

Accepted Answer

A)  Science explains behavior.
B)  Science values empirical observation.
C)  Science is cumulative.
D)  Science is a search for order and lawful relationships.

Question 5

Behavior reinforced on an intermittent schedule is

Accepted Answer

A)  learned very rapidly.
B)  extinguished very rapidly.
C)  resistant to extinction.
D)  extinguished rapidly through punishment.

Question 6

Which of these would NOT be considered by Skinner to be a generalized reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  affection
B)  approval
C)  money
D)  attention
E)  food

Question 7

According to Skinner, advertising is a method of social control through

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning.
B)  describing contingencies.
C)  manipulating deprivation.
D)  manipulating satiation.

Question 8

People who make rewards or punishments contingent on the behavior of another are using which of Skinner's methods of social control?

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning
B)  respondent conditioning
C)  extinction
D)  describing contingencies

Question 9

Payment by salary or wage most closely approximates which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous
B)  fixed-ratio
C)  variable-ratio
D)  fixed-interval

Question 10

For Skinner, natural selection

Accepted Answer

A)  is irrelevant to operant conditioning.
B)  explains some animal behavior but no human behavior.
C)  accounts for most human behavior.
D)  is probably responsible for some human behavior.

Question 11

Skinner's laboratory research at Harvard consisted exclusively of experiments

Accepted Answer

A)  with only non-human animals.
B)  with undergraduates he taught.
C)  with fellow graduate students.
D)  using psychotherapy patients.
E)  with mentally retarded adults.

Question 12

Negative reinforcement and punishment are similar in that they both

Accepted Answer

A)  strengthen a response.
B)  weaken a response.
C)  involve aversive stimuli.
D)  have unpredictable effects on behavior.

Question 13

What was Skinner's position on such internal mental states as thinking and feeling?

Accepted Answer

A)  They do not exist because they cannot be observed from outside.
B)  They exist, but scientists should not attribute behavior to them.
C)  They are essential to an understanding of human behavior.
D)  None of these is correct.

Question 14

Which of these schedules would cost the experimenter the most reinforcers for the least number of responses?

Accepted Answer

A)  variable-interval
B)  fixed-interval
C)  variable-ratio
D)  fixed-ratio
E)  continuous

Question 15

Heather has a painful headache.She takes some aspirin and the pain stops.In the future when she has a headache, she will also take aspirin.Skinner would say that the taking of aspirin to reduce headache pain is

Accepted Answer

A)  positively reinforced.
B)  negatively reinforced.
C)  extinguished.
D)  successively approximated.
E)  spontaneously recovered.

Question 16

Concerning emotions, Skinner believed all EXCEPT which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  A person's emotions are not directly observable to others.
B)  The physical concomitants of emotions can be measured.
C)  A majority of human behaviors are the result of emotions.
D)  Emotions are subjectively real to the person ing them.
E)  Pleasant emotions tend to be reinforcing for an individual.

Question 17

Skinner would view warfare as an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  an aggressive instinct.
B)  a maladaptive remnant of cultural evolution.
C)  a maladaptive negative reinforcer.
D)  a behavior independent of cultural evolution.

Question 18

Regarding human thoughts and cognitions, Skinner believed that

Accepted Answer

A)  they can be understood by applying the principles of operant and respondent conditioning.
B)  they are covert behaviors that take place within the skin.
C)  they cannot be changed by the contingencies of reinforcement.
D)  they do not exist.

Question 19

Discuss the contributions of
B.Watson to Skinner's learning theory.
Thorndike's original law of effect held that responses to stimuli followed by a satisfier tend to be "stamped in," or learned.A second part of the law stated that responses to stimuli followed by an annoyer tend to be "stamped our," or eliminated.
Thorndike later changed the law of effect to include only the first part, namely that reinforcement or reward increases the chances of a behavior being learned.This concept is at the core of Skinner's operant conditioning.
Watson had an even greater effect on Skinner, especially his notions of science and psychology.Watson's insistence that human behavior must be studied scientifically impressed Skinner even before he began graduate school.
Watson criticized traditional psychology for studying consciousness, introspection, instincts, sensations, perception, motivation, and mental states.He also insisted that the goal of psychology must be prediction and control of behavior.Throughout his career, Skinner adhered closely to Watson's position.
E.L.Thorndike and J.

Accepted Answer

Thorndike's original law of effect held ...

Question 20

Skinner accepted the concept of unconscious

Accepted Answer

A)  mental processes.
B)  cognition.
C)  conflicts.
D)  behavior.
E)  motivation.

Exam 15: Buss: Evolutionary Theory of Personality

Which of these schedules would cost the experimenter the most reinforcers for the least number of responses?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT a principal characteristic of science, according to Skinner?

Correct Answer
verified

Concerning emotions, Skinner believed all EXCEPT which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

People who make rewards or punishments contingent on the behavior of another are using which of Skinner's methods of social control?

Correct Answer
verified

For Skinner, natural selection

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these would NOT be considered by Skinner to be a generalized reinforcer?

Correct Answer
verified

Heather has a painful headache.She takes some aspirin and the pain stops.In the future when she has a headache, she will also take aspirin.Skinner would say that the taking of aspirin to reduce headache pain is

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Thorndike's original law of effect held ...
View Answer

Regarding human thoughts and cognitions, Skinner believed that

Correct Answer
verified

Negative reinforcement and punishment are similar in that they both

Correct Answer
verified

What was Skinner's position on such internal mental states as thinking and feeling?

Correct Answer
verified

Skinner would view warfare as an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Behavior reinforced on an intermittent schedule is

Correct Answer
verified

For humans, playing slot machines best illustrates the influence of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Correct Answer
verified

Payment by salary or wage most closely approximates which schedule of reinforcement?

Correct Answer
verified

Skinner accepted the concept of unconscious

Correct Answer
verified

According to Skinner, advertising is a method of social control through

Correct Answer
verified

During World War II, Skinner

Correct Answer
verified

Skinner's laboratory research at Harvard consisted exclusively of experiments

Correct Answer
verified

Skinner saw the psychotherapist as a

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 15: Buss: Evolutionary Theory of Personality

Which of these schedules would cost the experimenter the most reinforcers for the least number of responses?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a principal characteristic of science, according to Skinner?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Concerning emotions, Skinner believed all EXCEPT which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who make rewards or punishments contingent on the behavior of another are using which of Skinner's methods of social control?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For Skinner, natural selection

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these would NOT be considered by Skinner to be a generalized reinforcer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Heather has a painful headache.She takes some aspirin and the pain stops.In the future when she has a headache, she will also take aspirin.Skinner would say that the taking of aspirin to reduce headache pain is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedThorndike's original law of effect held ...View AnswerShow Answer

Regarding human thoughts and cognitions, Skinner believed that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Negative reinforcement and punishment are similar in that they both

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was Skinner's position on such internal mental states as thinking and feeling?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Skinner would view warfare as an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Behavior reinforced on an intermittent schedule is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For humans, playing slot machines best illustrates the influence of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Payment by salary or wage most closely approximates which schedule of reinforcement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Skinner accepted the concept of unconscious

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Skinner, advertising is a method of social control through

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During World War II, Skinner

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Skinner's laboratory research at Harvard consisted exclusively of experiments

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Skinner saw the psychotherapist as a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
Thorndike's original law of effect held ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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