Question 1

_____ are visual depictions used by most people in memory and thinking.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mental images
B)  Eidetic images
C)  Visual illusions
D)  Acoustic cues

Question 2

Cecil, Tony, and Juan have recently joined the school's marching band and will be playing tubas.Who will most likely have an initially easier time learning to play the tuba?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cecil, who was the bugler at Boy Scout camp this past summer.
B)  Tony, who can play the guitar, bass, and piano.
C)  Juan, who has never played an instrument.
D)  All three will have equal difficulty in learning to play the tuba.

Question 3

Regarding research on where different types of long-term memories are stored in the brain, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Declarative long-term memories appear to be stored in the cortex of the brain.
B)  Long-term procedural memories appear to be stored in the cerebellum.
C)  Episodic memories are stored in the front of the cortex, while semantic memories are stored in the back area of the cortex.
D)  All of these statements are true.

Question 4

On a TV game show, you are asked which way Lincoln's head faces on a penny.You are unable to answer correctly, and you lose a large prize.Your memory failure is most likely a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  the serial position effect.
B)  repression.
C)  encoding failure.
D)  priming.

Question 5

Instances have occurred n which witnesses described a criminal as black, tall, or young; and then the lineup was held in which a suspect was the only African American among whites, the only tall suspect, or the only young person.Having situations like this would produce

Accepted Answer

A)  the serial position effect.
B)  a false positive.
C)  proactive interference.
D)  excellent recall memory.

Question 6

The false items that are included with the correct answer to be recognized are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  trick responses.
B)  false icons.
C)  mnemonics.
D)  distractors.

Question 7

A father who forgets to take his daughter to her favorite movie as he promised on three occasions would likely be accused of forgetting caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  decay or disuse.
B)  state-dependent forgetting.
C)  flashbulb memories.
D)  repression.

Question 8

The fading or weakening of a memory trace due to a passage of time is called

Accepted Answer

A)  redintegration.
B)  decay.
C)  interference.
D)  repression.

Question 9

Brian grew up in California and became an expert surfer and skateboarder.His job transferred him to New Hampshire, where he took up snowboarding with relative ease.This ease in developing this new hobby illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious learning.
B)  positive transfer.
C)  the serial position effect.
D)  performance consolidation.

Question 10

The results of the experiments on long-term potentiation have demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A)  retroactive interference is a permanent condition.
B)  ECS can increase long-term potentiation and improve memory.
C)  memory can be artificially enhanced using drugs.
D)  all of these are true.

Question 11

_____ occurs because the stimuli associated with the memory are missing when the time comes to retrieve the information.

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory decay
B)  Cue-dependent forgetting
C)  Repression
D)  Suppression

Question 12

In a case study reported by Milner, a patient having damage to the hippocampus

Accepted Answer

A)  showed an inability to retain information in short-term memory.
B)  had a clear memory of events taking place after the operation.
C)  found new learning almost impossible.
D)  suffered from retrograde amnesia.

Question 13

The savings that occur during _____ are a good reason for studying a wide range of subjects in high school and in college.

Accepted Answer

A)  recognition
B)  relearning
C)  recall
D)  redintegration

Question 14

In a classic experiment, a psychologist read a short passage in Greek to his son every day when the boy was between 15 months and 3 years of age.At age 8, he was asked to recall the passage, to recognize the passage, and later to memorize the original quotations and others of equal difficulty.The results of the experiment showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  the boy exhibited no recall of the passage.
B)  the boy lacked recognition of the passage when presented with the original passage and other Greek passages.
C)  the boy memorized the original passage 25 percent faster than other Greek passages, showing evidence of relearning.
D)  all of these were occurred.

Question 15

_____ is the theory that memory traces weaken when memories are not periodically used or retrieved.

Accepted Answer

A)  Suppression
B)  Disuse
C)  Consolidation
D)  Encoding failure

Question 16

Painful, threatening, or embarrassing memories are held out of consciousness through

Accepted Answer

A)  repression.
B)  encoding failure.
C)  retroactive interference.
D)  proactive interference.

Question 17

The difficulty experienced when changing from a car with a manual transmission to one with an automatic is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  discovery learning.
B)  negative practice.
C)  reminiscence.
D)  negative transfer.

Question 18

In an experiment, a rat was placed on a small platform.When this rat stepped down to the floor, it received a painful electric shock.After one shock, this rat would not step down to the floor when placed on the platform.A second rat also stepped down to the floor from the platform and received a painful shock but was immediately administered an electroconvulsive shock (ECS)  to its brain.How did the ECS affect this second rat's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  The second rat, like the first, would never step down to the floor out of fear of the painful shock.
B)  The second rat actually sought out the painful shock because the ECS caused an endorphin "rush" that resulted in the rat becoming addicted to the pain.
C)  The second rat stepped down over and over again because the ECS wiped out the memories of the painful shock during consolidation.
D)  The second rat did not show fear of the shock from touching the floor but did show fear when the researcher attempted to administer the ECS again.

Question 19

In _____, skills developed in one situation conflict with those required to master a new task.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative transfer
B)  negative reinforcement
C)  modeling
D)  avoidance conditioning

Question 20

Regarding sleep, memory, and the interference theory of forgetting, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sleeping after one studies can reduce forgetting due to interference.
B)  REM sleep and dreaming appear to help us form certain types of memories.
C)  Interference theory appears to apply only to short-term memory and not long-term memory.
D)  It is not completely clear if new memories alter existing memory traces or if they make it harder to retrieve earlier memories.

Exam 8: Extension B: Memory

Instances have occurred n which witnesses described a criminal as black, tall, or young; and then the lineup was held in which a suspect was the only African American among whites, the only tall suspect, or the only young person.Having situations like this would produce

Correct Answer
verified

The savings that occur during _____ are a good reason for studying a wide range of subjects in high school and in college.

Correct Answer
verified

A father who forgets to take his daughter to her favorite movie as he promised on three occasions would likely be accused of forgetting caused by

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Regarding research on where different types of long-term memories are stored in the brain, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Correct Answer
verified

The results of the experiments on long-term potentiation have demonstrated that

Correct Answer
verified

In a case study reported by Milner, a patient having damage to the hippocampus

Correct Answer
verified

In _____, skills developed in one situation conflict with those required to master a new task.

Correct Answer
verified

Brian grew up in California and became an expert surfer and skateboarder.His job transferred him to New Hampshire, where he took up snowboarding with relative ease.This ease in developing this new hobby illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

The false items that are included with the correct answer to be recognized are known as

Correct Answer
verified

Cecil, Tony, and Juan have recently joined the school's marching band and will be playing tubas.Who will most likely have an initially easier time learning to play the tuba?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Painful, threatening, or embarrassing memories are held out of consciousness through

Correct Answer
verified

_____ is the theory that memory traces weaken when memories are not periodically used or retrieved.

Correct Answer
verified

_____ occurs because the stimuli associated with the memory are missing when the time comes to retrieve the information.

Correct Answer
verified

_____ are visual depictions used by most people in memory and thinking.

Correct Answer
verified

Regarding sleep, memory, and the interference theory of forgetting, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Correct Answer
verified

The difficulty experienced when changing from a car with a manual transmission to one with an automatic is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

On a TV game show, you are asked which way Lincoln's head faces on a penny.You are unable to answer correctly, and you lose a large prize.Your memory failure is most likely a result of

Correct Answer
verified

The fading or weakening of a memory trace due to a passage of time is called

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 8: Extension B: Memory

Instances have occurred n which witnesses described a criminal as black, tall, or young; and then the lineup was held in which a suspect was the only African American among whites, the only tall suspect, or the only young person.Having situations like this would produce

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The savings that occur during _____ are a good reason for studying a wide range of subjects in high school and in college.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A father who forgets to take his daughter to her favorite movie as he promised on three occasions would likely be accused of forgetting caused by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regarding research on where different types of long-term memories are stored in the brain, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The results of the experiments on long-term potentiation have demonstrated that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a case study reported by Milner, a patient having damage to the hippocampus

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In _____, skills developed in one situation conflict with those required to master a new task.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Brian grew up in California and became an expert surfer and skateboarder.His job transferred him to New Hampshire, where he took up snowboarding with relative ease.This ease in developing this new hobby illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The false items that are included with the correct answer to be recognized are known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cecil, Tony, and Juan have recently joined the school's marching band and will be playing tubas.Who will most likely have an initially easier time learning to play the tuba?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Painful, threatening, or embarrassing memories are held out of consciousness through

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is the theory that memory traces weaken when memories are not periodically used or retrieved.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ occurs because the stimuli associated with the memory are missing when the time comes to retrieve the information.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ are visual depictions used by most people in memory and thinking.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regarding sleep, memory, and the interference theory of forgetting, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The difficulty experienced when changing from a car with a manual transmission to one with an automatic is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On a TV game show, you are asked which way Lincoln's head faces on a penny.You are unable to answer correctly, and you lose a large prize.Your memory failure is most likely a result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fading or weakening of a memory trace due to a passage of time is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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