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Mrs.Beatty keeps an extremely clean and tidy house.One neighbor says she's compulsive;Mrs.Beatty,though,says that her job forces her to stay organized,and that she wants to set a good example for her children.These contrasting explanations illustrate the difference between _____ and situational attributions.

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As compared to a one-sided message,a two-sided message is:


A) equally persuasive.
B) somewhat less persuasive.
C) much less persuasive.
D) more persuasive.

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According to instinct theories of aggression,which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding aggression?


A) We have pent-up aggression that needs to be released on a regular basis.
B) Most children are not influenced by watching violent shows on TV.
C) We have very little influence over our own aggressive behavior.
D) Certain stimuli act as aggressive cues,making aggressive acts much more likely when the cues are present.

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_____ refers to a change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people.


A) Dissonance
B) Conformity
C) Schema
D) Incongruity

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As an adolescent,Travis realizes that he is gay.Immediately on coming out,he withdraws from his heterosexual friends and promotes positions more radical than those he formerly endorsed.He favors the "outing" of closeted public figures under all circumstances,and he argues that gays who wish to marry are imitating heterosexual values.Which account of prejudice does Travis' example illustrate most clearly?


A) Cognitive categorization
B) Resource competition
C) Observational learning
D) Social identity

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Identify and describe three strategies for reducing prejudice and discrimination that psychologists have found to be effective.

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The following strategies should be descr...

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Dusty earned a PhD at a prestigious university,despite her parents' poverty.Dusty credits her educational success to hardiness and resilience,but blames her inability to manage money on the culture of poverty in which she was raised.Dusty reflects an attribution bias known as the _____.

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In the _____ technique,one asks a person to agree to a small request which-because it is small-the likelihood that he or she will comply is fairly high.


A) not-so-free
B) foot-in-the-door
C) door-in-the-face
D) that's-not-all

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The mental conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts is known as:


A) social cognition.
B) halo effect.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) schema.

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One forms an impression of another individual:


A) very quickly,within a few seconds.
B) very quickly,within a few minutes.
C) gradually,over time.
D) within the first several encounters.

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Which of the following is true of schemas?


A) A schema occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts.
B) Our schemas are never susceptible to error.
C) Schemas are absolutely accurate as our moods affect how we perceive others and we make judgments based on our moods.
D) Schemas help us predict what others are like on the basis of relatively little information.

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The process of discharging built-up aggressive energy is called _____.

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_____ theory considers how we decide,on the basis of samples of a person's behavior,what the specific causes of that behavior are.

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_____ refers to a circumstance in which commitments to a failing point of view or course of action are increased to justify investments in time and energy that have already been made.


A) Catharsis
B) Fundamental attribution
C) Door-in-the-face effect
D) Entrapment

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Review the observational learning and social identity approaches to the origin of prejudice.How do the resource competition and social neuroscience views add to our understanding of prejudice?

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The answer should contain the following ...

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Fallon has an idea of what politicians are like: They are often lawyers;they are smooth and communicate well;but they are not always honest.These characteristics are components of Fallon's _____ of politicians.


A) concept
B) schema
C) image
D) propositional framework

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Which of the following sales techniques is based on the "norm of reciprocity"?


A) That's-not-all technique
B) Door-in-the-face technique
C) Not-so-free-sample technique
D) Foot-in-the-door technique

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According to instinct theories of aggression,which of the following is true?


A) The shorter the energy builds up,the greater the amount of the aggression displayed when it is discharged.
B) Aggression is primarily the outcome of innate-or inborn-urges.
C) Aggression includes both intentional and unintentional injury to another person.
D) Instinct theories note the prevalence of aggression in animals but not in humans.

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_____ involves a state of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal,psychological interest,and caring for the needs of another.


A) Companionate love
B) Affectionate love
C) Passionate love
D) Cathartic love

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Which of the following is true of conformity?


A) People working on ambiguous tasks and questions (those with no clear answer) are less susceptible to conformity.
B) The less attractive a group appears to its members,the greater its ability to produce conformity.
C) Conformity is considerably lower when people must respond publicly.
D) Subtle or even unspoken social pressure results in conformity.

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