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Exam 11: Social Psychology

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Question 41

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In a study based on Tajfel's theory of social identity, Cathy is randomly assigned to Group A, and Sara is randomly assigned to Group B. When asked to award money to other study participants, both Cathy and Sara award money only to members of their own groups.This behavior is predicted by Tajfel's theory and best exemplifies

A) in-group favoritism.
B) ethnocentrism.
C) cultural bias.
D) group polarization.

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Question 42

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Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobsen conducted a study in 1968.The researchers told grade-school teachers that five students were likely to be "late bloomers"-that these students had high levels of ability that would likely emerge over time.In reality, the students had been randomly selected by the researchers.Nonetheless, a year later, the researchers found that teachers' expectations for the "late bloomers" were reflected in student performance-the academic performance of the "late bloomers" was beyond that of other students.The results from this study demonstrate which of the following concepts?

A) cognitive dissonance theory
B) the butterfly effect
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) self-serving bias

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Question 43

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Which of the following statements best defines conformity?

Attributions that include causes inside and specific to a person, such as his or her traits and abilities, are called

Which of the following statements is true of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

According to _____, social relationships involve an exchange of goods, the objective of which is to minimize costs and maximize benefits.

Parents warn a new babysitter that their son, Dennis, is very aggressive and mischievous.As a result of this initial expectation, the babysitter starts calling Dennis "Dennis the Menace," and he behaves in ways that elicit aggressive and mischievous behaviors from Dennis.This example best demonstrates the phenomenon called

The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the external situation and overestimate the impact of inner traits when they seek explanations of another person's behavior is called

You watch as Emma stumbles and drops her books in the hall.If you commit the fundamental attribution error when assessing Emma, how would you explain her behavior?

According to research on aggressive behavior, which of the following personality factors is mostly associated with aggression?

_____ means helping another person for personal gain, such as to feel good, or avoid guilt.

Which of the following theories best explains why individuals like to think of their group as an in-group?

One explanation for the effects of deindividuation in groups is that groups

Social loafing refers to the

The Stanford prison experiment provides a dramatic example of how social situations and the roles we take on in life can influence

According to attribution theory, attributions vary along which of the following dimensions?

Psychologists believe that the social facilitation effect occurs because

Which of the following is true of agreeableness in the context of prosocial behavior?

_____ is the psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts.

When members of a group know something that a person doesn't, the person will follow the group to be right.This explains the concept of