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Discuss why current laws on crack possession have been criticized.Include at least three of these criticisms.

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The laws seem to have a selective effect...

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Crack cocaine is a very stable form of the drug also known as cocaine hydrochloride.

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The use of cocaine by members of the general public in Europe was initially in the form of


A) coca powder.
B) pills.
C) drinks,such as coca wine.
D) cigarettes.

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Dr.W.S.Halsted,the "father of American surgery," experimented with cocaine's ability to produce


A) dependence.
B) a deep sleep.
C) psychosis.
D) local anesthesia.

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Paranoid psychosis can be produced by:


A) high doses of amphetamines.
B) methamphetamine,but not any other form of amphetamine.
C) withdrawal from long-term amphetamine use.
D) stimulant drugs,but only in certain individuals.

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Illicit cocaine comes to the U.S.primarily from


A) Southeast Asia.
B) Afghanistan.
C) South America.
D) Africa.

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Amphetamine was developed initially as a substitute for a closely related chemical derived from the Chinese herb ma huang.That chemical is


A) ephedrine.
B) sympathamine.
C) codeine.
D) GHB.

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Although National Survey on Drug Use and Health data indicates greater prevalence of illicit drug use among white Americans,black Americans represented more than 80 percent of those arrested for


A) marijuana possession.
B) selling methamphetamine.
C) all drug offenses.
D) violation of federal crack cocaine laws.

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Studies of the mechanism of action of the amphetamines have focused mainly on


A) serotonin and the endorphins.
B) GABA and glutamate.
C) nicotinic receptors.
D) release of norepinephrine and dopamine.

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Some of the emotional justification for the 1914 Harrison Act can be found in a New York Times article from that year,called "Negro Cocaine 'Fiends' are a New Southern Menace."

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The ability of stimulants to improve mental performance


A) has never been demonstrated in controlled studies.
B) is a myth-all the evidence shows that amphetamine and similar drugs impair performance.
C) is so clear that these drugs are routinely used to treat Alzheimer's dementia.
D) depends on the complexity of the task and the dose.

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Scientific data indicate that chronic methamphetamine use causes extreme tooth decay.

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The effect of amphetamines on weight control:


A) is real,but small and limited in duration.
B) is usually to increase weight rather than decrease it.
C) has never been demonstrated.
D) is both medically and cosmetically significant for most patients.

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Inattention,hyperactivity,and impulsivity are characteristics of


A) depression.
B) narcolepsy.
C) autism.
D) ADHD.

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Cocaine use during pregnancy now appears to be associated with


A) no consistent negative associations with physical growth,test scores,or language in children.
B) about one-third of all cases of mental retardation.
C) ADHD and depression in school-age children.
D) greater neonatal problems than alcohol or tobacco.

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Sigmund Freud was always opposed to the use of cocaine for treating psychiatric conditions.

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Which of the following is true about the current use of amphetamines to treat depression?


A) Amphetamines are never used because of their abuse potential.
B) Amphetamines are used as mostly as an adjunctive therapy.
C) Amphetamines are more widely used than newer antidepressants,such as SSRIs.
D) Amphetamines are rarely used because they take too long to produce positive effects.

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The 1914 New York Times article,"Negro Cocaine 'Fiends' are a New Southern menace,"


A) provided solid documentation of increased psychiatric admissions due to cocaine.
B) said that cocaine increased homicidal tendencies and improved marksmanship.
C) said that the real problem was the alcohol people were drinking with cocaine.
D) was the first public description of crack cocaine use.

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One "non-stimulant" medication that has been approved for ADHD does not appear to have abuse potential.Atomoxetine is sold under the brand name


A) Ritalin.
B) Strattera.
C) Memantine.
D) Attends.

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The structure of the cocaine molecule closely resembles the dopamine molecule.

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