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Organizational buyers refer to


A) manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and government agencies that buy goods and services exclusively for resale.
B) manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and government agencies that buy goods and services for their own use or for resale.
C) manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and government agencies that buy goods and services exclusively for their own use.
D) firms that buy physical goods and resell them again without any reprocessing.
E) firms that in some way reprocess a good or service they buy before selling it again to the next buyer.

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Supplier development refers to


A) the deliberate effort by suppliers to build relationships that shape buyers' needs, as well as the needs of ultimate consumers.
B) the practice of dividing up large orders among several suppliers rather than a single one to avoid possible manufacturing delays due to bad weather, plant mishaps, union issues, etc.
C) the deliberate effort by organizational buyers to build relationships that shape suppliers' products, services, and capabilities to fit a buyer's needs and those of its customers.
D) the practice of establishing a close relationship with one supplier rather than many to insure loyalty and preferential treatment when filling exceptionally large orders.
E) the shift of a firm from supplier to manufacturer when repeated experience with a product and excellent buyer/seller relationships make the change both feasible and profitable

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To be a Walmart supplier, a firm must be able to deliver its products to its distribution centers within a 16-minute window. If the driver arrives before or after the scheduled window, the supplier will be turned away and fined. Walmart's insistence on choosing a supplier based upon its ability to provide on-time delivery is an example of a(n)


A) supplier value dimension.
B) derived demand factor.
C) evaluative criterion.
D) external performance measure.
E) organizational buying criterion.

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The services market sells diverse services such as legal advice, auto repair, and dry cleaning. Along with finance, insurance, real estate, __________, communication and public utility firms, as well as not-for-profits, these firms represent about 75 percent of all industrial firms.


A) wholesalers
B) transportation
C) retailers
D) government units
E) educational institutions

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The acronym NAICS stands for


A) National Association of Industrial Compliance Standards.
B) National Association of Industrial Communication Systems.
C) North American Industrial Communication Standards.
D) North American Industry Classification System.
E) North Atlantic Industrial Classification System.

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Important market characteristics in organizational buying behavior include which of the following?


A) Organizational buying behavior is similar to consumer buying behavior since individuals are involved in both processes.
B) Demand for industrial products is elastic instead of inelastic.
C) Demand for industrial products and services is derived.
D) Purchase orders much more frequent but they are usually small.
E) Forecasting is not as important in organizational buying as in consumer buying.

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Important product or service characteristics in organizational buying include which of the following?


A) Products or services that are technical in nature and purchased on the basis of specifications.
B) A heavy emphasis is placed on delivery time, technical assistance, and postsale service.
C) Direct selling to organizational buyers is rare.
D) A fixed, nonnegotiable price is the norm.
E) Personal relationships are preferred to online buying over the Internet.

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Mining companies, farms, financial services, and fisheries are all examples of


A) consumer markets.
B) cooperative markets.
C) reseller markets.
D) industrial markets.
E) government markets.

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If General Motors (GM) purchases Borg-Warner transmissions, and Borg-Warner buys trucks and cars from GM, they would be demonstrating which type of buyer-seller interaction?


A) exclusive dealing
B) supply partnerships
C) tying arrangements
D) noncompetitive bidding
E) reciprocity

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Although not strictly illegal, the U.S. Justice Department frowns on reciprocity because the practice


A) gives an unfair advantage to smaller companies.
B) gives an unfair advantage to larger corporations.
C) reduces the amount of taxes paid by the parties involved.
D) restricts the normal operation of the free market.
E) encourages free trade

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Dell, Inc. sells surplus, refurbished, or closeout computer merchandise at its dellauction.com website to many buyers who bid competitively against one another. This is an example of a


A) traditional auction.
B) reverse auction.
C) bidder's war.
D) I-auction.
E) Webfront auction.

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General Electric manufactures electric motors for its clothes dryers. The firm uses a formal vendor rating system to evaluate suppliers and notify those whose parts did not meet quality standards. If a supplier fails to correct the problem, GE will drop it as a future supplier. Which stage in the organizational buying decision process would GE make this evaluation?


A) purchase decision stage
B) information search stage
C) postpurchase behavior stage
D) alternative evaluation stage
E) problem recognition stage

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Organizational buying criteria refer to


A) the restrictions placed on potential solutions to a problem in a purchase decision.
B) the specific qualifications of a potential customer based upon past performance, reliability, and consistency regarding the purchase of an organization's offerings.
C) the subjective attributes of the supplier's products and services and the capabilities of the supplier itself.
D) the objective attributes of the supplier's products and services and the capabilities of the supplier itself.
E) the factors that an ultimate consumer would consider that represent both the objective attributes of a brand and the subjective ones to compare different products and brands.

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Once an organization passes through the problem recognition stage of the organizational buying decision process, it reaches the __________ stage.


A) information search
B) value analysis
C) alternative evaluation
D) purchase decision
E) behavioral learning

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If a purchase is a new buy for a manufacturer, the seller should expect to


A) have to do some favors for the decision makers.
B) anticipate a great deal of conflict.
C) accommodate unlimited specification change before the buy is completed.
D) work with the buyer's technical personnel.
E) avoid making concessions or compromises.

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The predominant person-to-person trading community in the world is


A) Facebook.
B) Amazon.
C) NASDAQ.
D) CraigsList.
E) eBay.

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Milsco Manufacturing emphasizes


A) signing lifetime contracts with suppliers to demonstrate its loyalty to them.
B) supplier partnerships when designing products for its customers.
C) reciprocity arrangements with its customers so that each can maximize profit.
D) cobranding as a form of supply partnerships with customers.
E) extending healthcare benefits to its suppliers' employees as a result of the Affordable Care Act.

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All of the following are organizational buyers EXCEPT:


A) industrial firms.
B) government units.
C) ultimate consumers.
D) resellers.
E) wholesalers.

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On a visit to Conner Industries, a West Plains Band Saw salesperson heard a production employee saying, "This band saw has a 36-inch wheel that could really save us time, and with its adjustable height, it can be operated by someone tall like me as well as by our shorter workers. I bet this would speed up my production time by 30 percent. Why don't we order this band saw?" The person the salesperson heard giving input has which buying center role?


A) purchasing agent
B) decider
C) buyer
D) user
E) motivator

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Many companies have broadened their buying objectives to include an emphasis on


A) purchasing from as many vendors as possible to avoid component shortfalls.
B) purchasing from start-up firms to grow the economy.
C) diversifying their product lines and brand extensions to reduce the risk of failure for any one item.
D) pricing freezes to maintain consistent quantities demanded from consumers.
E) proactively purchasing from minority-owned suppliers and vendors.

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