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Many common stressors can adversely affect the immune system.Studies show compromised immune functioning among people who had been bereaved,under stress,or awaiting examinations.Different kinds of stressors create different demands on the body,so they show different effects on the immune system.Two basic principles are important for understanding the relation of stress and immunity.The first is that different kinds of stressors require different kinds of defenses,and so a particular immune response may be favored over another in response to certain stressors.For example,short-term stressors raise the risk of injury,and so immune system changes involved in wound repair are very likely in response to short-term stress.A second important principle is that a maximally efficient immune response to any situation entails costs,and so some aspects of immunity may be adaptively suppressed as others are actively engaged.
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A) Relaxation training
B) Pessimism
C) Repressing one's thoughts about stressful events
D) Regarding stressors as uncontrollable
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A) express improved immunologic responses to cancer.
B) have problems in psychological adjustment to cancer.
C) express social awkwardness because they are surrounded by people who do not know what they are experiencing.
D) experience depression because it leads to the thought that they may not live as long as others.
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A
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A) It is a disease of lifestyle.
B) It is a disease that typically attacks men.
C) It is a disorder that can be cured by diet.
D) It is an autoimmune disorder.
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Avoidance,or the inability to confront the disease,has been tied to a more rapid course of the disease.Depression is implicated in the progression of cancer,both by itself and in conjunction with other risk factors.Cancer progression may be related to use of denial or repressive coping strategies.Avoidant or passive coping is also a risk factor for psychological distress,depression,poor sleep,and other risk-related factors,which may represent additional influences on the course of cancer.
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A) touching
B) sharing needles with
C) breathing the air near
D) being near
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A) nausea
B) inflammation
C) poor vision
D) poor cognitive functioning
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A) Susan
B) Sarah
C) Charlotte
D) There is no way to predict mortality in these cases.
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A) It cannot be managed through active coping methods.
B) It can be managed by reducing one's weight.
C) It affects the muscles around the bones.
D) It is common in children.
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A) they are not affected by lifestyle or genetics.
B) they have long or irregular growth cycles.
C) finding appropriate cell lines for conducting studies is very difficult.
D) of the lack of funding for cancer research.
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A) Cancer
B) Leprosy
C) Osteoarthritis
D) HIV
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A) Martha,who is using avoidant coping methods to cope with the stress caused by the death of a friend
B) Amanda,who is using active coping strategies to cope with stress caused by her recent divorce
C) Sean,who is receiving emotional support from his wife to cope with stress at work
D) Hector,who is unemployed but optimistic about finding work
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A) hostility.
B) disturbed hypothalamic functioning.
C) poor maturation of the immune system.
D) sleep disturbances.
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A) using passive coping methods
B) concealing one's sexual orientation
C) disclosing one's HIV+ status
D) reducing socializing
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A) diseases in which the immune system is not able to produce antibodies
B) diseases in which the immune cells' attacks do not affect the foreign agent
C) diseases in which the immune system fails to recognize the foreign agents that have entered the body
D) diseases in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues,FALSEly identifying them as invaders
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A) optimism.
B) avoidance coping.
C) isolation.
D) pessimism.
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