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The demand curve for reserves shifts to the left and the federal funds rate falls when the Fed


A) decreases reserve requirements or does an open market purchase.
B) lowers the discount rate.
C) lowers the discount rate or does an open market purchase.
D) decreases reserves requirements.
E) does an open market sale.

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Open market purchases by the Fed increase the supply of nonborrowed reserves.

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Which of the following is not a requirement in selecting an intermediate target?


A) measurability
B) controllability
C) flexibility
D) predictability

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Explain why the use of an interest rate targeting strategy may result in procyclical monetary growth.

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If the Federal Reserve wants to expand reserves in the banking system, it will


A) purchase government securities.
B) raise the discount rate.
C) sell government securities.
D) raise reserve requirements.

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Describe an asset-price bubble.

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An asset-price bubble occurs when the pr...

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If the desired intermediate target is an interest rate, then the preferred operating target will be a(n) ________ variable like the ________.


A) interest rate; three-month Treasury bill rate
B) interest rate; federal funds rate
C) reserve aggregate; monetary base
D) reserve aggregate; nonborrowed base

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Discount loans to banks experiencing severe liquidity problems are called


A) primary credit.
B) secondary credit.
C) seasonal credit.
D) lender-of-last-resort credit.

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Describe the goals of the Federal Reserve. What happens when these goals come into conflict? How would one decide if lower inflation is more important than lower unemployment? Explain.

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An open market sale of securities by the Fed will


A) decrease liabilities of the Fed and not affect assets of the banking system.
B) decrease assets of the nonbank public and decrease assets of the Fed.
C) increase liabilities of the banking system and increase assets of the Fed.
D) have no effect on assets of the nonbank public but increase liabilities of the Fed.
E) decrease assets of the banking system and increase assets of the Fed.

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The Fed's monetary policy strategy can be described as follows:


A) The Fed uses its policy tools to adjust intermediate targets that directly impact its operating targets in a way that allows the Fed to achieve its goals.
B) The Fed uses its policy tools to adjust operating targets that directly impact its intermediate targets in a way that allows the Fed to achieve its goals.
C) The Fed uses its operating targets to adjust its intermediate targets that directly impact its policy tools in a way that allows the Fed to achieve its goals.
D) None of the above.

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Although the goals of high employment and economic growth are closely related, policies can be specifically aimed at encouraging economic growth by


A) encouraging firms to invest and people to save.
B) encouraging firms to limit their price increases.
C) encouraging people to consume.
D) all of the above.
E) only A and C of the above.

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The type of open market operation intended to offset movements in other factors that affect reserves and the monetary base is


A) the dynamic open market operations.
B) the defensive open market operations.
C) the reserve requirements.
D) market equilibrium.

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When there is a mismatch between job requirements and the skills of available workers, the resulting unemployment is called


A) structural unemployment.
B) frictional unemployment.
C) cyclical unemployment.
D) underemployment.

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An important lesson from the 2007-2009 financial crisis is that central banks and other regulators should have a laissez-faire attitude and let credit-driven bubbles proceed without any reaction. Intervention is always a mistake.

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The Fed is reluctant to use reserve requirements to control the money supply because


A) of their overly-powerful impact on the money supply.
B) they have the potential to create liquidity problems for banks with low excess reserves.
C) frequent changes in reserve requirements complicate liquidity management for banks.
D) of all of the above.
E) of only A and B of the above.

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An open market ________ leads to a(n) ________ of reserves and deposits in the banking system and hence to a(n) ________ of the monetary base and the money supply.


A) sale; expansion; contraction
B) purchase; expansion; contraction
C) sale; expansion; expansion
D) purchase; expansion; expansion

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The discount rate is


A) the interest rate on loans from the Fed to a bank.
B) the price the Fed pays for government securities.
C) the interest rate on loans of reserves from one bank to another.
D) the price banks pay the Fed for government securities.
E) the interest rate on loans from a bank to the federal government.

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Describe and discuss Chairman Bernanke's views on inflation targeting and transparency in central banking.

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Explain how the Fed's use of its three tools of monetary policy affect supply and demand in the market for reserves and the equilibrium federal funds interest rate.

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