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Synesthesia is a condition in which stimulation of one sensory modality results in perception of another.One man reportedly tastes shapes.Many synesthetic people hear colors.Based on what you know about sensation,propose a physiological mechanism that explains the phenomenon of synesthesia.

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Usually a given receptor can only convey...

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You are playing outside in -9° C (15° F) .Why do you feel sharp pains in your hands when you grab material.


A) Cold receptors are found throughout the entire dermis.
B) Pain receptors are stimulated by extreme temperatures.
C) Cold receptors only work between 30-45° C.
D) Pain and cold receptors are the same free nerve ending.
E) Cold receptors halt sending signals after the initial stimulus.

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Which disorder is characterized by involuntary periods of sleep that occur throughout the day?


A) narcolepsy
B) insomnia
C) sleep apnea
D) coma
E) amnesia

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All of the following result from some form of malfunction by the basal nuclei EXCEPT


A) Huntington's disease.
B) Parkinson's disease.
C) Tourette's syndrome.
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
E) Synesthesia.

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[dropdown 1] motor neurons innervate [dropdown 2] muscle fibers,which surround muscle spindles. Dropdown 1 choices: Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Dropdown 2 choices: intrafusal extrafusal

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1.alpha
2....

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Choose the correct sequence of events for the control of body movement. 1) stimulation of upper motor neurons 2) descending tracts 3) beginning of voluntary movement 4) skeletal muscle contraction 5) stimulation of lower motor neurons 6) cerebral cortex's premotor areas


A) 3,6,1,2,5,4
B) 4,5,2,1,6,3
C) 2,3,1,5,6,4
D) 3,1,6,5,2,4
E) 1,3,4,2,6,5

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The [dropdown 1] contains the cold thermoreceptors and the [dropdown 2] contains warm thermoreceptors. Dropdown choices: dermis stratum basale stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum

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1.stratum ...

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The sensory homunculus appears distorted in the face and hands because it is a representation of the amount of


A) motor neurons for those body areas
B) sensory neurons for those body areas
C) prefrontal cortex dedicated to those body areas
D) precentral gyrus dedicated to those body areas

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If an individual decided to perform a back flip,which area organizes the necessary motor functions?


A) direct motor pathways
B) primary motor area
C) premotor area
D) primary somatosensory area
E) visual association area

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Describe what phantom limb sensation is and explain why the patient experiences these sensations.

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When a limb has been amputated,the patie...

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List the six types of sensory receptors classified based on the type of stimulus they detect and describe the types of stimuli that each type can detect.

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(1)Mechanoceptors:detect mechanical stim...

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The descending pathway


A) controls sensory functions.
B) consists of upper and lower motor neurons.
C) consists of neurons located completely within the spinal cord.
D) begins in the spinal cord and ends in the brain.
E) is only involved with involuntary muscle movements.

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Place the events in order for the process of sensation? 1) Stimulation of sensory receptors 2) Generation of impulses 3) Integration of sensory input 4) Transduction of the stimulus


A) 1,2,3,4
B) 2,1,4,3
C) 1,4,2,3
D) 4,2,3,1
E) 3,2,4,1

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Which disorder is characterized by a person's breathing repeatedly stopping for 10 or more seconds while sleeping?


A) narcolepsy
B) insomnia
C) sleep apnea
D) coma
E) amnesia

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Pain associated with chronic cirrhosis of the liver is referred to which location on the diagram? Pain associated with chronic cirrhosis of the liver is referred to which location on the diagram?   A) B B) G C) H D) F E) D


A) B
B) G
C) H
D) F
E) D

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A rapid breeze causes your hairs to shift on your arms and legs.Which sensory receptor is stimulated?


A) nociceptors
B) Type I cutaneous mechanoreceptors
C) Type II cutaneous mechanoreceptors
D) Lamellated corpuscle
E) Hair root plexus

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How many sensory modalities can a single sensory neuron have?


A) One
B) Dozens
C) Hundreds
D) Thousands
E) Two

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______ are sensory receptors located in blood vessels and visceral organs,whose signals are not usually consciously perceived.


A) Exteroreceptors
B) Interoceptors
C) Proprioceptors
D) Nociceptors
E) Thermoreceptors

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The cerebellum,premotor cortex and basal nuclei are involved in


A) explicit memory
B) implicit memory
C) long term memory
D) memory consolidation
E) short term memory

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Which proprioceptors are found in the articular capsules of synovial joints?


A) Tendon organs
B) Gamma motor neurons
C) Muscle spindles
D) Kinesthetic receptors
E) Tactile receptors

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