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Cryolite,Na3AlF6 is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because


A) it is a good source of fluoride ions.
B) it provides a source of fluorine,an oxidizing agent.
C) it provides a source of sodium,a reducing agent.
D) it reduces the energy requirement of the process,by lowering the melting point.
E) it is very soluble in water.

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Two cells are connected in series,so that the same current flows through two electrodes where the following half-reactions occur Cu2+(aq) + 2e- \to Cu(s) and Ag+(aq) + e- \to Ag(s) For every 1.00 g of copper produced in the first process,how many grams of silver will be produced in the second one?


A) 0.294 g
B) 0.588 g
C) 0.850 g
D) 1.70 g
E) 3.40 g

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Which component of the following cell notation is the anode? P | Q || R | S


A) P
B) Q
C) R
D) S
E) One of the | symbols is the anode.

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A cell can be prepared from copper and tin.What is the E°cell for the cell that forms from the following half-reactions? Cu2+(aq) + 2e- A cell can be prepared from copper and tin.What is the E°<sub>cell</sub> for the cell that forms from the following half-reactions? Cu<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2e<sup>-</sup>   Cu(s) ;E° = 0.34 V Sn<sup>4+</sup>(aq) + 2e<sup>-</sup>   Sn<sup>2+</sup>(aq) ;E° = 0.13 V A) 0.47 V B) 0.21 V C) -0.21 V D) -0.47 V E) 0.42 V Cu(s) ;E° = 0.34 V Sn4+(aq) + 2e- A cell can be prepared from copper and tin.What is the E°<sub>cell</sub> for the cell that forms from the following half-reactions? Cu<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2e<sup>-</sup>   Cu(s) ;E° = 0.34 V Sn<sup>4+</sup>(aq) + 2e<sup>-</sup>   Sn<sup>2+</sup>(aq) ;E° = 0.13 V A) 0.47 V B) 0.21 V C) -0.21 V D) -0.47 V E) 0.42 V Sn2+(aq) ;E° = 0.13 V


A) 0.47 V
B) 0.21 V
C) -0.21 V
D) -0.47 V
E) 0.42 V

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Manganese dioxide (MnO2)for use in dry cells is made by electrolyzing solutions of Mn2+,where the following reaction occurs at the anode: Mn2+(aq)+ 2H2O(l) \to MnO2(s)+ 4H+(aq)+ 2e- Using a current of 100.amperes (A),how many hours will it take to produce 5.00 kg of MnO2,according to the above reaction?

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In the shorthand notation for cells,a double vertical line is used to separate the reduced and oxidized forms of a redox couple.

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Which one of the following pairs of substances could be used to construct a single redox electrode (i.e. ,they have an element in common,but in different oxidation states) ?


A) HCl and Cl-
B) H+ and OH-
C) H2O and H+
D) Fe3+ and Fe2O3
E) MnO2 and Mn2+

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A voltaic cell consists of an Au/Au3+ electrode (E° = 1.50 V) and a Cu/Cu2+ electrode (E° = 0.34 V) .Calculate [Au3+] if [Cu2+] = 1.20 M and Ecell = 1.13 V at 25°C.


A) 0.001 M
B) 0.002 M
C) 0.01 M
D) 0.02 M
E) 0.04 M

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Calculate Δ\Delta G° for the oxidation of 3 moles of copper by nitric acid. Cu2+(aq) + 2e-  Calculate  \Delta G° for the oxidation of 3 moles of copper by nitric acid. Cu<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2e<sup>-</sup>   Cu(s) ;E° = 0.34 V NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq) + 4H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + 3e<sup>-</sup>   NO(g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ;E° = 0.957 V A) -120 kJ B) -180 kJ C) -240 kJ D) -300 kJ E) -360 kJ Cu(s) ;E° = 0.34 V NO3-(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 3e-  Calculate  \Delta G° for the oxidation of 3 moles of copper by nitric acid. Cu<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2e<sup>-</sup>   Cu(s) ;E° = 0.34 V NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq) + 4H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + 3e<sup>-</sup>   NO(g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ;E° = 0.957 V A) -120 kJ B) -180 kJ C) -240 kJ D) -300 kJ E) -360 kJ NO(g) + 2H2O(l) ;E° = 0.957 V


A) -120 kJ
B) -180 kJ
C) -240 kJ
D) -300 kJ
E) -360 kJ

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The lead-acid battery is an example of a secondary battery.

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Consider the non-aqueous cell reaction 2Na(l) + FeCl2(s)  Consider the non-aqueous cell reaction 2Na(l) + FeCl<sub>2</sub>(s)    2NaCl(s) + Fe(s)  For which E°<sub>cell</sub> = 2.35 V at 200°C. \Delta G° at this temperature is A) 453 kJ B) -453 kJ C) 907 kJ D) -907 kJ E) None of these choices is correct. 2NaCl(s) + Fe(s) For which E°cell = 2.35 V at 200°C. Δ\Delta G° at this temperature is


A) 453 kJ
B) -453 kJ
C) 907 kJ
D) -907 kJ
E) None of these choices is correct.

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Consider the following balanced redox reaction 3CuO(s) + 2NH3(aq) \to N2(g) + 3H2O(l) + 3Cu(s) Which of the following statements is true?


A) CuO(s) is the oxidizing agent and copper is reduced.
B) CuO(s) is the oxidizing agent and copper is oxidized.
C) CuO(s) is the reducing agent and copper is oxidized.
D) CuO(s) is the reducing agent and copper is reduced.
E) CuO(s) is the oxidizing agent and N2(g) is the reducing agent.

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The voltaic cell made up of cobalt,copper and their M2+ ions,has E°cell = 0.62 V.If E° of the cathode half-cell is 0.34 V,what is E° of the anode half-cell? Cu2+(aq) + Co(s) \to Cu(s) + Co2+(aq)


A) -0.28 V
B) -0.96V
C) 0.28 V
D) 0.96 V
E) None of these choices is correct.

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A voltaic cell consists of a Cd/Cd2+ electrode (E° = -0.40 V) and a Fe/Fe2+ electrode (E°= -0.44 V) .If Ecell = 0 and the temperature is 25°C,what is the ratio [Fe2+]/[Cd2+]?


A) 2 ×\times 101
B) 1 ×\times 101
C) 1
D) 1 ×\times 10-1
E) 5 ×\times 10-2

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A voltaic cell prepared using zinc and iodine has the following cell notation. Zn(s) | Zn2+(aq) || I-(aq) | I2(s) | C (graphite) Which of the following equations correctly represents the balanced,spontaneous,cell reaction?


A) 2I-(aq) + Zn2+(aq) \to I2(s) + Zn(s)
B) I2(s) + Zn(s) \to 2I-(aq) + Zn2+(aq)
C) 2I-(aq) + Zn(s) \to I2(s) + Zn2+(aq)
D) I2(s) + Zn2+(aq) \to 2I-(aq) + Zn(s)
E) None of these,since graphite must be in the equation.

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Calculate E°cell for the reaction of nickel(II) ions with cadmium metal at 25°C.K = 1.17 ×\times 105 Ni2+(aq) + Cd(s) \to Cd2+(aq) + Ni(s)


A) 0.075 V
B) 0.10 V
C) 0.12 V
D) 0.15 V
E) 0.30 V

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Examine the following half-reactions and select the strongest oxidizing agent among the substances. [PtCl4]2-(aq) + 2e- Examine the following half-reactions and select the strongest oxidizing agent among the substances. [PtCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>(aq) + 2e<sup>-</sup>   Pt(s) + 4Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq) ;E° = 0.755 V RuO<sub>4</sub>(s) + 8H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + 8e<sup>-</sup>   Ru(s) + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ;E° = 1.038 V FeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>(aq) + 8H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + 3e<sup>-</sup>   Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq) + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ;E° = 2.07 V H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(aq) + 2H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + 2e<sup>-</sup>   XeO<sub>3</sub>(aq) + 3H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ;E° = 2.42 V A) [PtCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  B) RuO<sub>4</sub>(s)  C) HFeO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> (aq)  D) H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(aq)  E) Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq) Pt(s) + 4Cl-(aq) ;E° = 0.755 V RuO4(s) + 8H+(aq) + 8e- Examine the following half-reactions and select the strongest oxidizing agent among the substances. [PtCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>(aq) + 2e<sup>-</sup>   Pt(s) + 4Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq) ;E° = 0.755 V RuO<sub>4</sub>(s) + 8H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + 8e<sup>-</sup>   Ru(s) + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ;E° = 1.038 V FeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>(aq) + 8H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + 3e<sup>-</sup>   Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq) + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ;E° = 2.07 V H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(aq) + 2H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + 2e<sup>-</sup>   XeO<sub>3</sub>(aq) + 3H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ;E° = 2.42 V A) [PtCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  B) RuO<sub>4</sub>(s)  C) HFeO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> (aq)  D) H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(aq)  E) Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq) Ru(s) + 4H2O(l) ;E° = 1.038 V FeO42-(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 3e- Examine the following half-reactions and select the strongest oxidizing agent among the substances. [PtCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>(aq) + 2e<sup>-</sup>   Pt(s) + 4Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq) ;E° = 0.755 V RuO<sub>4</sub>(s) + 8H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + 8e<sup>-</sup>   Ru(s) + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ;E° = 1.038 V FeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>(aq) + 8H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + 3e<sup>-</sup>   Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq) + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ;E° = 2.07 V H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(aq) + 2H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + 2e<sup>-</sup>   XeO<sub>3</sub>(aq) + 3H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ;E° = 2.42 V A) [PtCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  B) RuO<sub>4</sub>(s)  C) HFeO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> (aq)  D) H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(aq)  E) Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq) Fe3+(aq) + 4H2O(l) ;E° = 2.07 V H4XeO6(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- Examine the following half-reactions and select the strongest oxidizing agent among the substances. [PtCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>(aq) + 2e<sup>-</sup>   Pt(s) + 4Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq) ;E° = 0.755 V RuO<sub>4</sub>(s) + 8H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + 8e<sup>-</sup>   Ru(s) + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ;E° = 1.038 V FeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>(aq) + 8H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + 3e<sup>-</sup>   Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq) + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ;E° = 2.07 V H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(aq) + 2H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + 2e<sup>-</sup>   XeO<sub>3</sub>(aq) + 3H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ;E° = 2.42 V A) [PtCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  B) RuO<sub>4</sub>(s)  C) HFeO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> (aq)  D) H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(aq)  E) Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq) XeO3(aq) + 3H2O(l) ;E° = 2.42 V


A) [PtCl4]2-(aq)
B) RuO4(s)
C) HFeO4- (aq)
D) H4XeO6(aq)
E) Cl-(aq)

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Consider the reaction CuO(s) + H2(g) \to Cu(s) + H2O(l) In this reaction,which substances are the oxidant and reductant,respectively?


A) CuO and H2
B) H2 and CuO
C) CuO and Cu
D) H2O and H2
E) None of these choices is correct.

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What mass of copper will be deposited when 18.2 A are passed through a CuSO4 solution for 45.0 minutes?


A) 16.2 g
B) 33.4 g
C) 40.6 g
D) 81.3 g
E) 163 g

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Which of the following statements about voltaic and electrolytic cells is correct?


A) The electrons in the external wire flow from cathode to anode in both types of cell.
B) Oxidation occurs at the cathode only in a voltaic cell.
C) The free energy change, Δ\Delta G,is negative for an electrolytic cell.
D) The cathode is labeled as positive (+) in a voltaic cell but negative (-) in an electrolytic cell.
E) Reduction occurs at the anode in an electrolytic cell.

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