Question 1

Children with a referential style of learning language use language mainly as a(n) __________ tool whereas children with an expressive style of learning language use language primarily as a(n) __________ tool.

Accepted Answer

A)  adult-directed;child-directed
B)  child-directed;adult-directed
C)  intellectual;social
D)  social;intellectual

Question 2

Young children do not understand the relation between scale models and the objects they represent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

When does conversational turn-taking between parents and children usually begin?

Accepted Answer

A)  before or soon after infants say their first word
B)  when children are about 2 years of age
C)  when children are about 3 years of age
D)  when children begin school

Question 4

People can easily acquire language at any point in life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Children with expressive language-learning styles

Accepted Answer

A)  have vocabularies that primarily consist of the names of objects,people,and actions.
B)  have vocabularies that consist of many social phrases.
C)  use language as an intellectual tool.
D)  have vocabularies that contain few question words,such as "what."

Question 6

The order in which children acquire grammatical morphemes depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  the complexity of the morpheme with the acquisition of simpler morphemes occurring before that of more complex morphemes.
B)  the frequency of occurrence of the morpheme in the language.
C)  the frequency with which children's parents use the morpheme.
D)  the age at which children begin speaking.

Question 7

What advice would you give to parents interested in promoting their child's language development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Make language-learning a serious business.Do not mix it with playtime.
B)  When a child is slow to complete a sentence,finish it for him.
C)  Rephrase a child's ungrammatical remark to show the correct grammar.
D)  Encourage children to use vague words such as "stuff" or "somebody."

Question 8

__________ is the study of how people use language to communicate effectively.

Accepted Answer

A)  Phonology
B)  Grammar
C)  Semantics
D)  Pragmatics

Question 9

Cheyenne makes a sarcastic comment,but does not use a mocking or overly enthusiastic tone of voice.Who is likely to realize that sarcasm is intended?

Accepted Answer

A)  25-year-old Stephen
B)  25-year-old Stephen and 15-year-old Emily
C)  25-year-old Stephen,15-year-old Emily,and 9-year-old Stuart
D)  25-year-old Stephen,15-year-old Emily,9-year-old Stuart,and 4-year-old Rachel

Question 10

When children make the mistake of defining a word too broadly,it is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  overregularization.
B)  overextension.
C)  underextension.
D)  fast mapping.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the influence of the environment on language development?

Accepted Answer

A)  The frequency of parental speech is not related to the size of a child's vocabulary.
B)  Naming objects that are the focus of a child's attention is not related to word learning.
C)  Children who are passively exposed to television shows,such as cartoons have larger vocabularies than other children.
D)  Questioning children while reading to them forces them to identify the meanings of new words.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE of infant-directed speech?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants prefer adult-directed speech to infant-directed speech.
B)  Only mothers use infant-directed speech.
C)  Infant-directed speech seems to attract the infant's attention.
D)  The use of infant-directed speech makes it more difficult for infants to identify speech sounds.

Question 13

When 4-year-olds talk to 2-year-olds,they

Accepted Answer

A)  talk the same as when they talk to peers or adults.
B)  tend to talk more to the two-year-olds than they do to adults.
C)  use more attention-getting devices than when they talk to adults.
D)  use grammar that is too complex for two-year-olds.

Question 14

Rita was kept in a closet and not allowed to speak until she was 13 years old.How would you expect her language to be affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rita's language would probably be normal because language develops through innate processes.
B)  Rita's language would probably be primitive when she was found,but with intensive language training she would eventually learn most of the rudiments of grammar.
C)  Rita's language would probably be primitive when she was found,and even with intensive language training,her language mastery would be limited because she would be past the critical period for learning language.
D)  Rita would probably have developed a complex language of her own and would be able to be taught a standard language as well as any 13-year-old could be taught a foreign language.

Question 15

Intonation refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the production of vowel-like sounds.
B)  the production of utterances that contain both vowel and consonant sounds.
C)  a pattern of rising or falling pitch.
D)  the repetition of a sound.

Question 16

By 3 years of age,children understand that a comment should be followed by a response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Behaviorist learning theorists propose that

Accepted Answer

A)  language is learned through imitation and reinforcement.
B)  children have an inborn mechanism to help them learn grammar.
C)  there is a critical period for learning language.
D)  grammatical rules are too complex for children to infer solely on the basis of speech they hear.

Question 18

When Utsav is riding in the car with his mother,he will point at buses,vans,bikes,and trucks and say "car." This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  an overextension.
B)  an underextension.
C)  fast mapping.
D)  overregularization.

Question 19

Brittany is 6 years old.Which of the following is she MOST likely to be able to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  detect ambiguities in messages
B)  understand sarcasm solely from the context
C)  understand abstract metaphors
D)  understand concrete metaphors

Question 20

In the case of understanding metaphors,young children

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot understand even simple metaphors.
B)  can understand simple metaphors,but not ones based on abstract relations.
C)  can understand metaphors that are based on abstract relations.
D)  develop this understanding very rapidly.

Exam 9: Language and Communication

What advice would you give to parents interested in promoting their child's language development?

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When 4-year-olds talk to 2-year-olds,they

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Brittany is 6 years old.Which of the following is she MOST likely to be able to do?

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Children with expressive language-learning styles

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Cheyenne makes a sarcastic comment,but does not use a mocking or overly enthusiastic tone of voice.Who is likely to realize that sarcasm is intended?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rita was kept in a closet and not allowed to speak until she was 13 years old.How would you expect her language to be affected?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Young children do not understand the relation between scale models and the objects they represent.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People can easily acquire language at any point in life.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ is the study of how people use language to communicate effectively.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is TRUE of infant-directed speech?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Utsav is riding in the car with his mother,he will point at buses,vans,bikes,and trucks and say "car." This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When does conversational turn-taking between parents and children usually begin?

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In the case of understanding metaphors,young children

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Behaviorist learning theorists propose that

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By 3 years of age,children understand that a comment should be followed by a response.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Intonation refers to

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Children with a referential style of learning language use language mainly as a(n) __________ tool whereas children with an expressive style of learning language use language primarily as a(n) __________ tool.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The order in which children acquire grammatical morphemes depends on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When children make the mistake of defining a word too broadly,it is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the influence of the environment on language development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Children with a referential style of learning language use language mainly as a(n) tool whereas children with an expressive style of learning language use language primarily as a(n) tool.

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