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Continuing to operate a fuel-inefficient car despite warnings about the effect of greenhouse gases best illustrates the dynamics of


A) the reciprocity norm.
B) a social trap.
C) equity.
D) the mere exposure effect.

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When a mild-mannered woman had an electrode implanted in her amygdala,she


A) developed more aggressive tendencies.
B) acted just as she had before the implantation.
C) became even milder,unable even to say "no" to anyone's request for help.
D) lost her ability to remember events that had recently occurred.

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When a group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues,their attitudes became even more prejudiced.This best illustrates


A) group polarization.
B) just-world phenomenon.
C) social facilitation.
D) groupthink.

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Fernando's favorable attitude toward capital punishment began to change when he was asked to offer arguments opposing it in a university debate class.His attitude change is best explained by ________ theory.


A) cognitive dissonance
B) role-playing
C) attribution
D) attitude

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Repeated exposure to sexually explicit films causes viewers to


A) decrease men's readiness to behave aggressively toward women and to be less accepting of short prison sentences for convicted rapists.
B) increase men's readiness to behave aggressively toward women and to be less accepting of short prison sentences for convicted rapists.
C) increase men's readiness to behave aggressively toward women and to be more accepting of short prison sentences for convicted rapists.
D) decrease men's readiness to behave aggressively toward women and to be more accepting of short prison sentences for convicted rapists.

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People are most inclined to like those who are nearby.This most clearly illustrates the association between ________ and interpersonal attraction.


A) physical arousal
B) beauty
C) equity
D) proximity

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Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat.Both believe that the members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of any other party.This belief best illustrates


A) outgroup homogeneity.
B) the just-world phenomenon.
C) scapegoating.
D) ingroup bias.

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Sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages.This best illustrates the perceived value of


A) equity.
B) proximity.
C) passionate love.
D) self-disclosure.

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Comedy routines that are mildly amusing to people in an uncrowded room seem funnier in a densely packed room.This is best explained in terms of


A) deindividuation.
B) social facilitation.
C) social loafing.
D) group polarization.

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The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the


A) "teachers" actually seemed to enjoy shocking the "learners."
B) "learners" received painful electric shocks even if they had heart problems.
C) experiments were performed despite mass student protests against the research.
D) "teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress.

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Compared with people from East Asian cultures,those from individualist Western countries are more likely to demonstrate


A) situational attributions.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) positive attitudes.
D) the fundamental attribution error.

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The tragic decision to launch the space shuttle Challenger resulted in part from the minimal expression of dissenting views among NASA personnel and advisors.This best illustrates the dangers of


A) social facilitation.
B) deindividuation.
C) groupthink.
D) social control.

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The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity is called


A) cognitive dissonance.
B) deindividuation.
C) social loafing.
D) social facilitation.

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Group polarization refers to


A) the lack of critical thinking that results from a strong desire for harmony within a group.
B) a split within a group produced by striking differences of opinion among group members.
C) the tendency of individuals to exert more effort when working as part of a group.
D) the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through group discussion.

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A negative behavior describes ________;a negative attitude describes ________.


A) prejudice;discrimination
B) hindsight bias;ingroup bias
C) discrimination;prejudice
D) outgroup homogeneity;ingroup bias

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Jackson agreed to Stanley's suggestion that they shoplift some video games.Later in the week,Jackson agreed to go along with Stanley's suggestion to steal a neighbor's expensive racing bike.Reflecting on what he had done,Jackson was surprised by his willingness to comply with Stanley's request.Jackson's experience illustrates


A) cognitive dissonance.
B) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
C) the fundamental attribution error.
D) central route persuasion.

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In which of the following scenarios is the person MOST likely to be helped by other people?


A) At a moderately crowded Greyhound bus station,a woman struggles to retrieve her suitcase from a man who shouts at her,"Do you understand? You're not leaving!"
B) Just moments after hundreds of people get off a crowded subway train on their way to work,an oddly dressed man in the crowd stumbles and falls as he is walking up the exit steps.
C) Carla's car won't restart and partially blocks the exit drive as her fellow employees are walking to their own cars.
D) As the impatient crowd surges forward to enter the stadium in the race for the best possible seats for the concert,a man in the crowd yells,"Wait! Stop! I dropped my contact lens!"

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The hostilities between two racial subgroups of a riverfront community were dramatically reduced when the threat of the river flooding its banks required that they work together to save their town.This best illustrates the impact of


A) social exchange theory.
B) superordinate goals.
C) diffusion of responsibility.
D) the bystander effect.

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People tend to like the letters of their own name better than other letters.This is best explained in terms of


A) self-disclosure.
B) mirror-image perceptions.
C) the mere exposure effect.
D) social exchange theory.

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Which theory best explains why our actions can lead us to modify our attitudes?


A) role-playing theory
B) cognitive dissonance theory
C) attribution theory
D) attitude theory

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