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Which statement most accurately represents the relation between theory and research?


A) Theory exclusively drives research; all research is based on established theory.
B) Research never initiates theory; sound theory arises from new discoveries.
C) Theory and research generate research; research modifies theory, which leads to further research.
D) Theory and research arise separately; scholars of theory rarely enter the realm of research.

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view that marriage is the key transition to adulthood is characteristic of


A) cultures that value interdependence more than independence.
B) people raised in large families.
C) cultures that face economic hardship.
D) individuals who engaged in early dating behavior as adolescents.

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Which statement concerning the developmental period known as emerging adulthood is most accurate?


A) Most adolescents do not move through the emerging adulthood period.
B) It is a period marked by experimentation and exploration.
C) Emerging adulthood is a period reserved for children with high SES.
D) It is best described in terms of Hall's theory of storm and stress.

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Which statement best characterizes the main difference between adolescence and emerging adulthood?


A) Adolescents are more independent of their families.
B) Emerging adults are prone to flights of fancy.
C) Adolescents are more likely to be in long-term relationships.
D) Emerging adults are more independent of their parents.

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career choice best reflects


A) a departure from gender-specific expectations in the West.
B) the availability of vocational training.
C) a decision to follow cultural norms.
D) an inability to "fit in."

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Children's Crusade in the Middle Ages was composed mostly of


A) children younger than 10.
B) mothers and infants.
C) young people in their teens.
D) emerging adults.

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Stanley Hall is credited as the initiator of the


A) inventionist movement.
B) child labor laws.
C) social control agencies.
D) child study movement.

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goal of being self-focused in emerging adulthood is to


A) create a permanent state as individuals enter adulthood.
B) learn to be self-sufficient in adulthood.
C) continue feeling in-between adolescence and adulthood.
D) allow adolescents an opportunity to experience adult life in brief episodes.

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Plato, Aristotle, and Saint Augustine all described adolescence as a period that focuses on the struggle between


A) reason and passion.
B) math and science.
C) storm and stress.
D) individualism and globalization.

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limitation of research questionnaires is that


A) these measures may not capture the complexity of the issues being investigated.
B) such measures cannot be analyzed efficiently.
C) paper and pencil measures are expensive to administer.
D) these measures cannot be used in a controlled setting.

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Western society, adolescence is generally viewed as beginning with puberty and ending when an individual reaches the end of high school education.

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emerging adults, the age of identity explorations is best described by what following scenario?


A) Celeste still feels like a kid but wants her parents to treat her like a grown up.
B) Tony is exploring love and work choices as he decides what he wants to do.
C) Brian has always known he wants to be a small business owner.
D) Peggy moved to eight different apartments with different roommates in two years.

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distinctive feature of Indian culture is


A) Confucianism.
B) filial piety.
C) the high literacy rates.
D) the caste system.

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Which statement best reflects conclusions about traditional cultures based on anthropologists' observations? A person is considered an adult


A) when old enough to vote.
B) after marriage.
C) with the development of self-control.
D) after finishing college.

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and briefly describe the three major contributions which made 1890-1920 the "Age of Adolescence."

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• Child Labor Laws o In the view of urba...

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Emerging adulthood only exists in cultures where young people are allowed to


A) postpone entering adult roles.
B) date beginning in early adolescence.
C) drink alcohol.
D) attend college for free.

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view that the boundaries between academic fields of study are in some ways artificial reflects an _____________________ approach.


A) individualistic
B) interdisciplinary
C) emergent
D) interdependent

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most likely would be


A) going to secondary school.
B) attending college.
C) working in a coal mine, factory, or farm.
D) raising a family.

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advantage of questionnaires with a closed question format is that they


A) are easier for the participants to understand.
B) facilitate data collection and analysis with large samples.
C) are found to have a high degree of validity.
D) allow for participants' unique responses.

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Which of the following studies on adolescents and emerging adults is a large-scale survey with a focus on drug use, as well as on peer relations and educational goals?


A) Monitoring the Future
B) Harvard Adolescence Project
C) Davis Adolescent Survey
D) Youth Ethnography Initiative

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