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Exam 4: Perceptions and Attributions

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Question 41

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When a man's voice quality is low in tenseness,the personality judgment made is usually that the man is cantankerous.

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Question 42

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Members of a student team in Professor Miller's organizational behavior class have approached her with a problem.The team members are complaining that Ben,a member of their team,has been late or absent for almost all team meetings and therefore should receive a lower grade on the team project.Professor Miller concludes that Ben had the same opportunity to participate as everyone else on the team,and therefore assigned the lower grade without consulting Ben.In this decision,Professor Miller may have demonstrated:

A) projection
B) the self-serving bias
C) the self-fulfilling prophecy
D) the fundamental attribution error

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Question 43

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All of the following describes the Pygmalion effect except:

Cross-cultural negotiations are an important part of every global manager's job.

A similarity error occurs when an interviewer is positively predisposed toward a job candidate because the candidate is from a different part of the country than the interviewer.

A first-impression error occurs when interviewers form quick impressions that are resistant to change.

Stereotyping is the belief that all members of specific groups share similar traits and behaviors.

Which of the following is not an internal factor that influences perceptual selection?

As a result of cultural differences,in India,the fundamental attribution error seems to occur in a manner opposite to that of North America;that is,people tend to overestimate situational or external (rather than internal)causes for behavior.

The extent to which the person perceived acts in the same manner in different situations is referred to as distinctiveness.

Observation is the process by which people select,organize,interpret,and respond to information from the world around them.

The Golem effect suggests that holding high expectations of another tends to improve the individual's performance.

After failing the Bar Exam following law school,Alice became depressed and required counseling.She took the test again and passed.Afterward,she encouraged all her classmates who failed their first attempts to get counseling.Explain which of the five perceptual errors may be operating here,and why.

Male managers often believe that women are not interested in overseas jobs or will not be effective in them for all the following reasons except:

The essence of the Pygmalion effect is that people's expectations determine their behavior or performance,thus serving to make their expectations come true.

Briefly explain what is meant by impression management and describe the tactics often used.

Tom Brown,who has just presented a new marketing plan to his boss,Michael Scott,tells his friends about all the positive feedback he received while ignoring the negative comments.This is an example of the ____ principle perceptual selection.

When an interviewer is positively predisposed toward a job candidate because the candidate enjoys the same hobby as the interviewer,which perceptual error is most likely to occur?

The self-fulfilling prophecy refers to the tendency of people to attribute their success with a task to internal factors and their failure to external factors.

In the Self Competency: Doing Business in Arab Countries,privacy is important in Arabian societies.Which of the following is an example of Arab Countries ensure privacy?