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The legislative process is designed to institutionalize


A) conflict.
B) duels.
C) relationships.
D) change.
E) statutes.

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Today, Texas is the country's second most populous state and is more than 80 percent urban.

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Why did Democratic legislators leave Texas in 2003 while the legislature was in session? Do you believe this was a fair tactic? Defend your answer.

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Democratic legislators left Texas in 200...

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The legislative rules and the heavy volume of bills considered ________ enables lawmakers to sneak major, controversial proposals into law by adding little noticed amendments to other bills.


A) never
B) sometimes
C) always
D) once each session
E) by no means

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In 2003, Democrats still controlled both houses of the Texas legislature.

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Trace the changes in partisanship of the Texas legislature from Democratic to Republican dominance. Why is partisanship increasing? Provide specific examples.

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The partisanship of the Texas legislatur...

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Most legislators are honest, hard-working individuals.

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A bill is ________ after a successful third reading in the originating chamber.


A) sent to the opposite chamber
B) brought before debate on the floor
C) sent to the governor
D) brought before the presiding officer for approval
E) sent to committee one last time

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In 2011, about 5,700 pieces of legislation were introduced during the regular legislative session.

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An opportunistic legislator


A) spends endless hours developing programs and are turned to often for advice.
B) tends to contribute little in terms of legislation and have little influence over others.
C) pursues issues to produce personal or political benefits.
D) tends to enjoy the perks of the office more than actual legislating.
E) is more interested in scoring political points through outrageous behavior than legislating.

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Legislators receive retirement benefits that are almost triple the amount of their original legislative pay.

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To bring a bill to the floor of the Senate for debate requires


A) the permission of the senior member of the majority party.
B) a two-thirds approval vote by the Senate.
C) a three-fourths approval vote by the House.
D) the approval of the chair of the committee that considered the bill.
E) the approval of the Calendars Committee.

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Why has there traditionally been no formal division along party lines or a formal system of choosing floor leaders in the Texas legislature?


A) The powers of the presiding officers and the longtime Democratic-controlled system did not produce a leadership structure comparable to that of the U.S. Congress.
B) Though membership in the legislature includes Republicans and Democrats, the delegation of power has not been typically done in a partisan fashion.
C) Legislative rules concerning the appointing of floor leaders was removed in the early twentieth century to reduce partisanship.
D) The powers of the governor over the legislature and longtime Democratic-controlled system did not produce a leadership structure comparable to that of the U.S. Congress.
E) Though membership in the legislature includes Republicans and Democrats, the delegation of power has been left to the whim of the presiding officers, which varies greatly.

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During the third reading, a bill may be amended by


A) four-fifths approval.
B) three-fourths approval.
C) two-thirds approval.
D) three-fifths approval.
E) majority approval.

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Of the 5,796 bills introduced during the 2011 regular session, only about ________ finally passed both chambers.


A) 1,400
B) 2,500
C) 3,700
D) 4,100
E) 5,200

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In recent years, the legislature has increasingly become dominated by business owners and attorneys because


A) new qualifications for one to serve in the legislature require a postgraduate degree.
B) low legislative pay and increasing demands on time preclude many salaried people from serving.
C) voters believe that people with these backgrounds are best fit to serve in the legislature.
D) they more often than not have the money required to file for candidacy.
E) doctors and educators, who once dominated the legislature, have shown a declining interest.

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Why is the committee system considered the backbone of the legislative process? What are the different types and roles of committees?

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The committee system is considered the b...

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Because the overriding consideration for most lawmakers is to get reelected, the interests of which source are most important in leading them to a decision on how to vote?


A) Campaign contributors are vital to a legislator so care must be taken not to alienate them.
B) They must carefully balance the interests of a variety of groups to ensure continued support.
C) The political party to which the legislator is a member of can make or break a legislator's career.
D) Legislators represent the people who put their faith in a legislator's personal convictions.
E) A legislator's senior colleagues are the biggest influence on how they will vote.

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Equality in redistricting finally arrived in Texas as a result of state court intervention in 1975.

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The state budget is the most important bill enacted by the legislature because it indicates how much money there is to spend during the session.

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