Exam 16: Sociological Theory

A) The economic shift of societies from feudalism to capitalism
B) Widespread urbanisation
C) A complex division of labour and population expansion
D) Adoption of Enlightenment principles which placed God and religion at the centre of meaning systems

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A) To analyse inequality from the exploitation of land and resources across geographic and cultural boundaries
B) To keep a record of history
C) To ensure the domination of particular nation states
D) To analyse equality supported by combining land and resources across geographic and cultural boundaries

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A) Wars bring about increased moral integration and national solidarity which is why there are fewer instances of suicide during wartime
B) Social facts exist as conscious acts which individuals use to shape behaviour and organise experiences
C) The collective nature of Eastern religions,such as Buddhism and Hinduism,provide a greater sense of attachment than Western religions such as Catholicism and Protestantism,leading to fewer suicides by religion type
D) Social facts are subjective and therefore require their own methodology and epistemology to study

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A) Bureaucracy
B) Power
C) Protestantism
D) Art

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A) Supports individualism
B) Shapes society
C) Underpins social life
D) Creates common culture

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A

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A) Starting a business and getting a job
B) Getting a job and establishing an alternative community
C) Getting a job and joining a union
D) Joining a union and establishing an alternative community

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A) In class societies,wealth is always distributed away from its producers//Whilst capitalism excels at producing abundance,the relations of production lead to a reliance on out-dated modes of production
B) Whilst capitalism excels at producing abundance,the relations of production lead to a reliance on out-dated modes of production//Third-world countries provide cheap labour for production but individuals in these countries have shorter life spans than those in developed countries
C) Third-world countries provide cheap labour for production but individuals in these countries have shorter life spans than those in developed countries//Science has replaced the role of the state to legitimise decisions over production,however,in capitalist societies the state is still the key site of power
D) Science has replaced the role of the state to legitimise decisions over production,however,in capitalist societies the state is still the key site of power//In class societies,wealth is always distributed away from its producers

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A) Focus on the action of the individual
B) Authority sits with divine power
C) Success measured by setting and achieving goals
D) Planning effective ways of achieving goals without recourse to moral judgement

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A) The common sense understanding of individual action and interpretation of social facts
B) The communication of sentiments enacted in social relationships
C) The sense of unity and connection in societies according to shared norms,values and regulatory structures
D) The integration of economic and cultural spheres in the study of inequality and social reproduction

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A) Structural functionalism is responsible for the compartmentalisation of government departments,human resource management and the structure of capitalist state administration
B) Structural functionalism developed alongside behaviourism as the classification of individuality
C) Structural functionalism is based on pluralism which asserts that Western democracy eliminates class and ethnic inequality
D) Structural functionalism offers a useful theory to analyse social change

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D

A) The ways that human relationships become mediated by,and take the forms of,relationships between things and commodities
B) The ways that human beings create illusions about their condition
C) The ways that human beings create laws which ensure continuous development and progress
D) The ways that humans are unable to seek redemption from a divine authority to avoid confronting the origins of their suffering

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A) The struggle between business and unions represents equality in capitalism//Workers that are satisfied with their wages and conditions are not exploited
B) A low paid worker may be content to do their job well and have a regular income yet the material reality of their circumstances indicates they are being exploited//The push and pull of wages and profits indicates an unresolved tension in capitalism where change is possible
C) Workers that are satisfied with their wages and conditions are not exploited//A low paid worker may be content to do their job well and have a regular income yet the material reality of their circumstances indicates they are being exploited
D) The push and pull of wages and profits indicates an unresolved tension in capitalism where change is possible//The struggle between business and unions represents equality in capitalism

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A) Feudalism
B) Antiquity
C) Socialism
D) Utilitarianism

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