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The Environmental Protection Agency was created in 1970 by


A) an executive order.
B) congressional legislation.
C) a treaty with Canada and Mexico.
D) executive privilege.
E) a Supreme Court decision.

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When Dwight Eisenhower sent federal troops into Little Rock High School in 1957, it demonstrated that


A) the president may make unilateral use of the emergency powers to protect states against domestic disorder.
B) the president requires the federal court's approval before using troops in domestic disturbances.
C) the use of the president's emergency powers against domestic disorder necessitates a request by the governor of the affected state.
D) the president needs congressional authorization to use troops in both domestic and international situations.
E) the president can only use troops in domestic situations when the health and safety of children under the age of 18 is threatened.

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What did the framers mean to accomplish by indirect election of the president?


A) to make a more independent and powerful chief executive
B) to bind the president to the will of the people
C) to make the president responsible to state and national legislatures
D) to create an imperial presidency to counter the power of Congress
E) to increase the strength and influence of political parties

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The ______ is the informal designation for the heads of the major federal government departments.


A) White House staff
B) Committee of Staff
C) presidential advisory committee
D) Cabinet
E) Executive Office of the President

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Congress's tendency in recent years to give executive agencies fewer clear guidelines for implementing laws is the result of


A) the greater scope and complexity of the tasks that American government has undertaken.
B) the reduced scope and complexity of the tasks that American government has undertaken.
C) frequent requests made by state governments to transfer more power to the executive branch.
D) numerous initiatives passed by voters that require less legislative specificity.
E) a series of Supreme Court decisions that ruled executive mandates were unconstitutional.

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Which of the following has caused an increase in the president's delegated powers?


A) recent constitutional amendments broadening the president's powers
B) the increasing scope and complexity of legislation
C) the War Powers Resolution
D) the shift toward a more bipartisan political environment in Congress
E) a series of Supreme Court decisions that have reinterpreted Article II of the Constitution

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The president's Cabinet is composed of the secretaries of the major departments of the federal government.

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In the early 1800s, the system of nominating presidential candidates that left the candidates beholden to their party's leaders in Congress was called


A) the King Caucus.
B) party primaries.
C) congressional nominations.
D) presidential gerrymandering.
E) the spoils system.

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Which of the following derives its greatest source of influence from the support of civil society?


A) the president
B) Congress
C) the judiciary
D) the bureaucracy
E) state governments

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In United States v. Nixon, the Supreme Court


A) impeached Nixon.
B) allowed Nixon to withhold secret tapes from Congress.
C) required Nixon to turn over secret tapes to Congress.
D) reinstated the independent prosecutor fired by Nixon.
E) ruled that Nixon must resign from office in order to avoid criminal charges.

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The goal of the War Powers Resolution was to


A) compel a congressional declaration of war for every large-scale military operation.
B) limit the ability of Congress to cut off funding for troops when the president sends them overseas without congressional approval.
C) limit the power of the president to commit American troops to military action without authorization from Congress.
D) end the Vietnam War.
E) give the president more freedom in determining when and where to deploy American military forces.

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Federal executive agencies do each of the following in implementing legislation except


A) follow specific guidelines and standards established by Congress.
B) interpret the intent of Congress.
C) promulgate rules based on the legislation.
D) seek advisory opinions from the federal courts as to the constitutionality of the rules.
E) issue orders to groups and individuals designed to impel conformity with the law.

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Most of the framers sought to provide the office of president with "energy" in order to take quick and aggressive action when necessary.

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Why is the president's State of the Union address important?


A) It is often the only time that members of Congress get to question the president directly.
B) It is an opportunity for the president to set the legislative agenda by initiating proposals and directing public attention to the executive's goals.
C) It is an opportunity for the president to highlight the positive actions of the previous year.
D) It is the only time the president is constitutionally allowed to address Congress.
E) It determines the exact budget for the upcoming year.

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An executive order is


A) a rule or regulation issued unilaterally by the president, with the status of a law.
B) an emergency decree that is law only for the duration of a crisis or pending congressional approval.
C) a demand to Congress that it vote on a particular piece of legislation.
D) any act of the executive branch that does not have to be made public.
E) a decree issued by the president that requires the federal courts to hear a particular case regarding the Constitution.

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The rise of the national convention was important because it


A) placed the power of selecting presidential candidates entirely in the hands of federal judges.
B) placed the power of selecting presidential candidates entirely in the hands of congressional leaders.
C) gave the presidency a mass popular base that would eventually support and demand increased presidential power.
D) took away the presidency's mass popular base and made the president a much weaker political actor.
E) eliminated the need for a presidential candidate to win the support of his party.

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The last time Congress declared war was in the case of North Korea in 1950.

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As a means of managing the gigantic executive branch, presidents have increasingly come to rely upon the


A) Cabinet.
B) Executive Office of the President.
C) Kitchen Cabinet.
D) White House staff.
E) the Speaker of the House.

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The decline of voting and political participation by Americans has which of the following effects?


A) It increases the powers of both the Congress and the president.
B) It weakens the power of both the president and Congress.
C) It enhances the power of the president while weakening Congress.
D) It increases the powers of Congress while weakening the president.
E) It increases the powers of state governments and weakens the federal government.

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The office of the president has undergone many changes since the Founding era. Describe the evolution of the presidency. How does the presidency of the twenty-first century differ from that of the nineteenth century? How have relations with Congress changed? What are the president's delegated powers?

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The office of the president has indeed u...

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