Question 1

A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, whereas organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   mitochondria and chloroplasts
B)   chloroplasts and peroxisomes
C)   peroxisomes and chloroplasts
D)   chloroplasts and mitochondria
E)   mitochondria and peroxisomes

Question 2

When a potassium ion (K+)  moves from the soil into the vacuole of a cell on the surface of a root, it must pass through several cellular structures. Which of the following correctly describes the order in which these structures will be encountered by the ion?

Accepted Answer

A)   plasma membrane → primary cell wall → cytoplasm → vacuole
B)   secondary cell wall → plasma membrane → primary cell wall → cytoplasm → vacuole
C)   primary cell wall → plasma membrane → cytoplasm → vacuole
D)   primary cell wall → plasma membrane → lysosome → cytoplasm → vacuole
E)   primary cell wall → plasma membrane → cytoplasm → secondary cell wall → vacuole

Question 3

Asbestos is a material that was once used extensively in construction. One risk from working in a building that contains asbestos is the development of asbestosis caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. Cells will phagocytize asbestos but are not able to degrade it. As a result, asbestos fibers accumulate in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   mitochondria
B)   ribosomes
C)   peroxisomes
D)   lysosomes

Question 4

Eukaryotic cells manufacture cytoskeletal proteins, which help to maintain cell shapes and functions. What would you predict about these proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)   They initially contain signal sequences that allow their entrance into the endoplasmic reticulum.
B)   They are manufactured on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
C)   They are glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus.
D)   They travel to the nucleus in a transport vesicle with a specific signal.

Question 5

Lysosomes that lack mannose-6-phosphate receptors ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   receive "modified" enzymes and are thus unable to break down carbohydrates
B)   do not receive enzyme shipments from the Golgi apparatus
C)   have unstable membranes
D)   stick to transport vesicles and impede the transfer of enzymes

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   The cytoskeleton of eukaryotes is a static structure most resembling scaffolding used at construction sites.
B)   Although microtubules are common within a cell, actin filaments are rarely found outside of the nucleus.
C)   Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other.
D)   Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would have little effect on a cell's response to external stimuli.
E)   The cytoskeleton is produced by transport vesicles of the endomembrane system.

Question 7

In a plant cell, DNA may be found ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   only in the nucleus
B)   only in the nucleus and mitochondria
C)   only in the nucleus and chloroplasts
D)   in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
E)   in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes

Question 8

What can you infer about a high-molecular-weight protein that cannot be transported into the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is too large.
B)   It lacks a nuclear localization signal (NLS) .
C)   It contains errors in its amino acid sequence.
D)   It lacks a signal sequence. B

Question 9

Centrioles, cilia, flagella, and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements. Which of the following hypotheses is most plausible in light of such structural similarities?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cilia and flagella arise from centrioles.
B)   Loss of basal bodies should prevent cells from dividing in two.
C)   Motor proteins such as dynein must have evolved before any of these four kinds of structure.
D)   Cilia and flagella evolved separately in the same ancestral eukaryotic organism.
E)   Natural selection for cell motility repeatedly selected for microtubular arrays in circular patterns in the evolution of each of these structures. A

Question 10

Which structure-function pair is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)   nucleolus-production of ribosomal subunits
B)   lysosome-intracellular digestion
C)   ribosome-protein synthesis
D)   Golgi-protein trafficking
E)   microtubule-muscle contraction

Question 11

Amoebae move by crawling over a surface (cell crawling) , which involves ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   growth of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane
B)   setting up microtubule extensions that vesicles can follow in the movement of cytoplasm
C)   reinforcing the pseudopod with intermediate filaments
D)   cytoplasmic streaming

Question 12

Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   lysosomes
B)   Golgi apparatus
C)   ribosomes
D)   mitochondria

Question 13

What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)   It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus.
B)   It synthesizes the proteins required to copy DNA and make mRNA.
C)   It selectively transports molecules out of the nucleus but prevents all inbound molecules from entering the nucleus.
D)   It assembles ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus.

Question 14

Spherocytosis is a human blood disorder associated with a defective cytoskeletal protein in the red blood cells (RBCs) . What do you suspect is the consequence of such a defect?

Accepted Answer

A)   abnormally shaped RBCs
B)   an insufficient supply of ATP in the RBCs
C)   an insufficient supply of oxygen-transporting proteins in the RBCs
D)   adherence of RBCs to blood vessel walls, causing plaque formation

Question 15

The Golgi apparatus has a polarity, or sidedness, to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side.
B)   Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other.
C)   Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other.
D)   Soluble proteins in the cisternae (interior)  of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other.
E)   All of the listed responses correctly describe polarity characteristics of the Golgi function.

Question 16

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria
B)   anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts
C)   an endosymbiotic fungal cell evolving into the nucleus
D)   acquisition of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi apparatus

Question 17

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)   mitochondrion
B)   ribosome
C)   nuclear envelope
D)   chloroplast
E)   ER

Question 18

The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you most likely expect to be the immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

A)   the loss of all nuclear function
B)   the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division
C)   a change in the shape of the nucleus
D)   failure of chromosomes to carry genetic information
E)   inability of the ribosomes to produce proteins

Question 19

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)   lipids
B)   glycogen
C)   proteins
D)   cellulose
E)   nucleic acids C

Question 20

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   mitochondria
B)   ribosomes
C)   peroxisomes
D)   lysosomes
E)   endoplasmic reticulum

Exam 7: Inside the Cell

Correct Answer
verified

When a potassium ion (K+) moves from the soil into the vacuole of a cell on the surface of a root, it must pass through several cellular structures. Which of the following correctly describes the order in which these structures will be encountered by the ion?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Eukaryotic cells manufacture cytoskeletal proteins, which help to maintain cell shapes and functions. What would you predict about these proteins?

Correct Answer
verified

Lysosomes that lack mannose-6-phosphate receptors ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is TRUE?

Correct Answer
verified

In a plant cell, DNA may be found ________.

Correct Answer
verified

What can you infer about a high-molecular-weight protein that cannot be transported into the nucleus?

Correct Answer
verified
B

Centrioles, cilia, flagella, and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements. Which of the following hypotheses is most plausible in light of such structural similarities?

Correct Answer
verified
A

Which structure-function pair is mismatched?

Correct Answer
verified

Amoebae move by crawling over a surface (cell crawling) , which involves ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes?

Correct Answer
verified

Spherocytosis is a human blood disorder associated with a defective cytoskeletal protein in the red blood cells (RBCs) . What do you suspect is the consequence of such a defect?

Correct Answer
verified

The Golgi apparatus has a polarity, or sidedness, to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity?

Correct Answer
verified

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

Correct Answer
verified

The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you most likely expect to be the immediate consequence?

Correct Answer
verified

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

Correct Answer
verified
C

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 7: Inside the Cell

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a potassium ion (K+) moves from the soil into the vacuole of a cell on the surface of a root, it must pass through several cellular structures. Which of the following correctly describes the order in which these structures will be encountered by the ion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eukaryotic cells manufacture cytoskeletal proteins, which help to maintain cell shapes and functions. What would you predict about these proteins?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lysosomes that lack mannose-6-phosphate receptors ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a plant cell, DNA may be found ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What can you infer about a high-molecular-weight protein that cannot be transported into the nucleus?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Centrioles, cilia, flagella, and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements. Which of the following hypotheses is most plausible in light of such structural similarities?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which structure-function pair is mismatched?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Amoebae move by crawling over a surface (cell crawling) , which involves ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Spherocytosis is a human blood disorder associated with a defective cytoskeletal protein in the red blood cells (RBCs) . What do you suspect is the consequence of such a defect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Golgi apparatus has a polarity, or sidedness, to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you most likely expect to be the immediate consequence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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verified

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B

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A

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C

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